SOLVED

11) Ali’s mother asks her to describe what she is learning in her psychology class. Ali responds by saying, “I can give you an example about psychology.” Which of the following gives the most accurate view of psychology? A) Turning on the radio to hear a call-in talk show facilitated by a therapist B) Watching a television talk show together to listen to psychological explanations of abnormal behaviour C) Taking a self-help book off the shelf and reading about human motivation D) Picking up the newspaper and showing her mom an article based on empirical research 12) The first week of college is difficult for Drew because his girlfriend is attending college in another province. His roommate says, “Don’t worry, Drew, you know that absence makes the heart grow fonder.” Drew bases his response on the chapter he just completed in his psychology textbook, saying: A) “Thanks for reminding me! Research almost always confirms the accuracy of common sense sayings.” B) “Read this book. It is obvious from psychological research that common sense sayings are seldom accurate when put to the tests of science.” C) “Common sense sayings often contradict one another. Remember the saying ‘Out of sight, out of mind’”? D) “That doesn’t help much. That saying was derived from empirical research and cannot be applied to everyday life.” 13) What percentage of Americans and Canadians believe in astrology? A) 25–35% B) 35–50% C) 50–60% D) 60–80% 14) Important psychological findings are ones that: A) confirm what people commonly believe. B) violate popular opinion. C) are surprising to the research community. D) deepen the understanding of our familiar world. 15) In Taylor and Kowalski’s study of introductory psychology students, the students took a quiz about popular opinion versus research evidence. They learned one of the most important lessons in science, which is: A) most misconceptions about psychology are actually true. B) common sense statements are primarily based in fact. C) uncertainty about beliefs can be a good thing. D) evidence gathered by careful observation is often completely false. 16) Critical thinking may be defined as: A) negative thinking when trying to solve a problem. B) using insight to assess claims made by researchers. C) using evidence to make objective judgments. D) detecting emotional cues to find hidden agendas. 17) The ability to make judgments on the basis of well-supported reasons rather than emotion or anecdote is called: A) applied psychology. B) basic psychology. C) critical thinking. D) trained introspection. 18) Critical thinking involves all of the following EXCEPT: A) looking for flaws in arguments. B) weighing the evidence supporting a claim. C) thinking of implications of research findings. D) accepting all opinions as having equal merit. 19) Which of the following is NOT one of the eight essential critical-thinking guidelines? A) Avoid overly complicated explanations. B) Tolerate uncertainty. C) Examine the evidence. D) Avoid emotional reasoning. 20) Critical thinkers try to: A) use anecdotes to support their arguments. B) settle arguments based on emotional convictions. C) identify unspoken assumptions and make them explicit. D) look for evidence that confirms their viewpoints.