SOLVED

41) Which of the following is not a metaphysical claim? a. People can communicate with individuals that have passed away. b. The existence of the afterlife has been proven by science. c. Meditation can help to alleviate stress responses. d. Astrological signs guide the events in the universe. 42) In research reports, we often see the terms “research suggests,” or “appears,” or “raises the possibility that” a finding is correct, but also acknowledges that we might be incorrect. Your authors refer to this as a. naïve realism. b. a prescription for humility. c. falsifiability. d. Occam’s razor. 43) According to the authors, ________ of the claims made by self-help proponents have been scientifically examined. a. roughly half b. many c. none d. few 44) Imagine that you see the textbook authors on television talking with Larry King about popular psychology. What point are you most likely to hear them make? a. Psychology and medicine often marginalise those with ideas that differ from conventional wisdom. b. Self-help therapies are rigorously tested before people can write books about them. c. All information from popular psychology and/or self-help is useless. d. Beware of claims of miracle cures without supporting evidence. 45) When attempting to differentiate between useful and useless information from popular psychology, what is a good rule of thumb to follow? a. Trust nothing that you read or hear in the media about psychology. b. Insist on evidence to accurately evaluate all claims. c. All popular psychology claims are misinformation. d. Common sense is often correct; go with your gut. 46) What percentage of self-help books contain claims that are scientifically untested? a. 30 b. 45 c. 70 d. 95 47) ______ represents a set of claims that seem scientific but really are not. a. Pseudoscience b. Metaphysics c. Metacognition d. Religion 48) Which of the following statements would your authors find the most worrisome? a. Pseudoscience seems to be so much more interesting and engaging than science. b. The majority of North Americans do not believe in the existence of ghosts or witches. c. Being open-minded about topics associated with pseudoscience is no big deal. d. Science cannot answer all of the questions I am interested in, such as “Why am I here?” or “What is my life’s purpose?” 49) In a survey of the Canadian public, which pseudoscientific belief was endorsed by the greatest percentage of people? a. Aliens b. Angels c. Reincarnation d. Ghosts 50) Dr. Boliba develops a herbal supplement that he claims increases memory abilities, however many other researchers have been unable to replicate his findings and report that placebo pills are just as effective as his herbal supplement. In response to these criticisms, Dr. Boliba argues that his pills increase specific types of memory that were not tested by researchers, and that the participants must have performed poorly in other studies because they were concerned about taking a drug. In this example, which warning sign of pseudoscience are you witnessing? a. Ad hoc immunizing b. Exaggerated claims c. Overreliance on anecdotes d. Evasion of peer review