SOLVED

71) One explanation for why people are drawn to pseudoscience or to specific pseudoscientific beliefs is that many people a. are experiential thinkers. b. lack training in rational thought processes. c. prefer to ignore scientific research and develop their own conclusions. d. are open to exploring and understanding the mysteries of the world and universe. 72) Because people are open to exploring and understanding the mysteries of the world, people are likely to a. believe unusual claims. b. use experiential thinking. c. use rational thinking. d. be drawn to the pseudosciences. 73) What is the main point of the authors’ discussion on the cognitive factors underlying why we are drawn to pseudoscience? a. Critical thinking imposes important limitations on our decision making. b. The brain’s adaptive tendencies can also lead us to incorrect understandings. c. Rational thinking has been largely ignored in the education system. d. People are motivated to prove scientific understanding incorrect. 74) According to the tenets of terror management theory, why do we often adopt beliefs in the paranormal? a. Mortality salience encourages reassuring cultural perspectives, like the existence of heaven or the afterlife. b. Mortality salience encourages experiential and other forms of illogical reasoning. c. Mortality salience encourages religious faith or spirituality. d. Mortality salience encourages higher levels of belief in the unknowable. 75) Terror management theory says we are more likely to believe extraordinary claims when we are reminded of our own a. death. b. family. c. faults. d. successes. 76) Once a guest appeared on The Tonight Show, with former host Johnny Carson, and showed her collection of potato chips that resembled famous celebrities or historical figures. One example was a potato chip that was said to resemble Abraham Lincoln. In actuality, this guest was providing an example of a. apophenia. b. the confirmation bias. c. belief perseverance. d. pareidolia. 77) Will and Kristyn are laying on a hill looking up at the stars. Kristyn looks over and sees the face of a man appearing on the moon. She fails to consider that this face is really a combination of craters on the moon’s surface and her own perceptual abilities creating meaning. She has fallen victim to a. pareidolia. b. belief perseverance. c. apophenia. d. the confirmation bias. 78) If you look into a burning fire and seem to make out the face of a person among the glowing embers, you have fallen victim to a. pareidolia. b. belief perseverance. c. apophenia. d. the confirmation bias. 79) Many people believe that your chances of conceiving a child after adoption is higher than before; in fact, there is no difference in the likelihood of conception. This is an example of a. pareidolia. b. belief perseverance. c. apophenia. d. the confirmation bias. 80) _____________ is the tendency to perceive meaningful images in meaningless visual stimuli. a. Apophenia b. Transcendental temptation c. Pareidolia d. Emotional reasoning fallacy