SOLVED

11) Which of the following is a common measure of dispersion? A) Standard deviation B) Confidence interval C) Inferential statistics D) Ordinal data 12) This process is one by which scientists endeavor to construct an accurate representation of the world that is reliable, consistent, and nonarbitrary. A) Case series B) Random sampling C) Iterative process D) Scientific method 13) The ________ is a brief paragraph that summarizes the need for the study, the research methods used, and the results encountered. A) Abstract B) Mode C) Hypothesis D) Parameter 14) What is the first step of the scientific method? A) Observe and ask questions B) Construct a hypothesis C) Conduct research and collect data D) Test the hypothesis 15) Where are the results of a scientific study published, regardless of the outcome of the study? A) In a medical director paper B) In an EMS trade magazine C) In a university-based magazine D) In a peer review journal 16) What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research? A) Quantitative research uses a control group; qualitative research does not use a control group. B) Quantitative research is designed to determine the relationship between one thing and another and describe it with numbers; qualitative research primarily relies on collection of nonnumeric data. C) Quantitative research does not use a control group; qualitative research does use a control group. D) Qualitative research is designed to determine the relationship between one thing and another and describe it with numbers; quantitative research primarily relies on collection of nonnumeric data. 17) When comparing and contrasting between a retrospective and prospective study, which of the following is a TRUE statement? A) Prospective studies are generally less expensive than retrospective methodologies. B) There is more chance for the introduction of bias in the data gathering for prospective studies. C) Prospective studies have greater validity than retrospective studies. D) Retrospective studies use a research form or instrument specifically designed for the study. 18) Within a(n) ____________study, subjects are randomized into either the treatment group or the control group; this type is considered among the most valid of studies. A) Experimental B) Quasiexperimental C) Observational D) Retrospective 19) In many situations it is unethical to withhold treatment from a group simply for the purposes of experimentation. As a result a(n) _________ study must be done. A) Observational B) Quasiexperimental C) Retrospective D) Prospective 20) The most valid of all the specific study types is: A) Cross-sectional study B) Metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials C) Expert opinions, editorials, rational conjecture D) Bench research