SOLVED

51)The confounding variable hypothesis states that A)the independent variable affects the dependent variable. B)statistical differences are due to extraneous factors that have a systematic effect on the independent measure. C)statistical differences are due to extraneous factors that have a systematic effect on the dependent measure. D)there is a significant difference pre- and post-test. 52)Conclusions based on experimental research depend heavily on A)nonparametric statistical procedures. B)random selection of participants from a general population. C)ruling out alternative hypotheses. D)large numbers of participants. 53)The causal hypothesis states that A)the independent variable has the predicted effect on the dependent variable. B)the independent variable has no effect on the dependent variable. C)the dependent variable has the predicted effect on the independent variable. D)the dependent variable is confounded with the independent variable. 54)In the example given in the textbook of relaxation training for autistic children, the “maturational factors” serve as A)independent variables. B)dependent variables. C)classification variables. D)potential confounding variables. 55)The confounding variable hypothesis is ruled out A)by careful research design and inspection procedures. B)by directly testing it as a statistical hypothesis. C)through statistical methods. D)in the data collection phase of the research. 56)Alternative explanations in science are also known as A)null hypotheses. B)rival hypotheses. C)research hypotheses. D)extraneous variables. 57)The causal hypothesis states that the ________ has the predicted effect on the ________. A)researcher; results B)dependent variable; independent variable C)independent variable; dependent variable D)null hypothesis; research hypothesis 58)In research on the effects of noise on sleep, a researcher wonders whether disrupted sleep may be due to drinking coffee rather than to living near an airport. What type of hypothesis is this? A)A confounding variable hypothesis. B)A null hypothesis. C)A research hypothesis. D)A moot hypothesis. 59)Ruling out alternative explanations is ________ in science. A)rarely done B)critical C)sometimes done D)not necessary 60)In research on the effects of noise on sleep, a researcher wonders whether disrupted sleep may be due to drinking coffee rather than to living near an airport. How would a researcher deal with the question posed in this hypothesis? A)By testing the hypothesis like any other hypothesis. B)By asking all participants to eliminate coffee from their diet for the duration of the study. C)By using post hoc statistical controls. D)