46. What is the difference between job shadowing and job swapping? a. Job shadowing is the imitation of an employee who already has the skills, while job swapping is the temporary exchange of jobs. b. Job shadowing is used for lower-level jobs, while job swapping is used to train employees for higher level positions. c. Job shadowing is applicable only in the short-run, while job swapping is continued for extended periods of time. d. Job shadowing enables a quicker transfer of skills when compared to job swapping. e. Job shadowing requires some amount of prior training, while job swapping can be conducted with novices. 47. Which of the following is a feature of vestibule training? a. It is a self-based and self-directed mode of training using technology. b. It applies different types of training delivery modes near the work site. c. It occurs during lunchtime when employees bring their food to a training session where someone presents training information to them. d. It involves two employees agreeing to change jobs for a period of time. e. It focuses on the cultural differences and living styles of the other country. 48. Richard is traveling to Japan on an assignment that involves training a new set of employees on the ISP 2.3 process that he pioneered at his current office. Richard’s preparatory training to ensure success overseas for this assignment is likely to involve: a. web-based learning modules on the basics of ISP 2.3 process. b. vestibule training to understand the dynamics of using the process. c. on-the-job coaching to learn the skills required to use the process. d. team-building activities for himself and his current colleagues. e. studying the cultural nuances and social etiquette followed in Japan. 49. The first step in training program framework development revolves around: a. selecting the appropriate delivery mode. b. developing the content and the sequence of its presentation. c. assessing what the organization needs in terms of training. d. measuring the effectiveness of the training program. e. developing a timeline along which training will be conducted. 50. The level of training needs assessment that looks at the organization in relation to changing demographics and technological trends is the level of _____ assessment. a. occupational b. individual c. functional d. individual e. organizational  Â