SOLVED

141. Middle adolescents are more likely to _______ than younger adolescents. a. engage in risk-taking behavior b. recognize the importance of making long range plans c. be more capable of resisting peer influence d. do all of these more 142. Based partly on new information on adolescent brain development, the U.S. Supreme Court in 2005 a. approved the execution of murderers who were 16 years of age or older at the time of their crime. b. banned the execution of murders who were less than 21 years of age at the time of their crimes. c. banned the execution of murderers who were less than 18 years of age at the time of their crimes. d. required that all murderers under the age of 16 be placed in an institution for the criminally insane. 143. In deciding whether a case involving a minor should be argued in the juvenile court system or the system for adult offenders, the court system often relies on the testimony of a(n)________ psychologist. a. counseling b. educational c. comparative d. forensic 144. Thomas Grisso is a(n) ________ psychologist who does work the legal system, such as evaluating people who have committed crimes or helping attorneys understand and evaluate evidence in a case. a. counseling b. educational c. comparative d. forensic 145. Which of the following is FALSE regarding the prosecution of children for serious crimes in the U.S.? a. Some states automatically transfer juveniles to the adult system if they are above a minimum age and have committed a serious crime. b. Prior to 2005, an adolescent under 18 years of age at the time of their crime could receive capital punishment. c. Since the 2005 U.S. Supreme Court ruling, there is not an option to prosecute juveniles as adults. d. The U.S. Supreme Court ruling was in line with most countries in the world today. 146. During the 2004 hearings in the U.S. Supreme Court, which of the following organizations was/were opposed to the death penalty for juveniles? a. the American Bar Association b. the American Medical Association c. the United Methodist Church d. all of these 147. According to the opponents of the death penalty for juveniles, a. one-fifth of 14- to 15-year-olds perform as poorly as seriously mentally ill adults when questioned about the their understanding of rights and courtroom procedures. b. adolescents are less likely than adults to make good decisions when they confront emotionally-charged situations. c. youth who commit severe but isolated crimes are not likely to make decisions that lead to violence after they mature. d. all of these statements are backed by research. 148. Those who want juveniles treated as adults within the court system believe a. that juries should sort through the evidence and distinguish between crimes that occur because of immaturity and crimes committed by cold-blooded murderers who are juveniles. b. that all adolescents older than 16 can clearly tell the difference between right and wrong. c. that adolescents are just as capable as adults of making good decisions when confronted with emotionally-charged situations. d. the severity of the crime is the most important factor in determining the ultimate punishment. 149. According to _______, increases in response inhibition, mental speed, and working memory capacity give teenagers a cognitive edge over younger children. a. Piaget’s cognitive development theory b. the dual processing theory c. the information processing theory d. Elkind’s theory of adolescent egocentrism 150. Increases in response inhibition, mental speed, and working memory as well as increased knowledge allow adolescents to a. make routine decisions more automatically. b. inhibit irrelevant thoughts. c. handle more complicated thought. d. do all of these.