SOLVED

201. American cultures allow teens to spend unsupervised time with opposite-sex peers, while Arab cultures do not. American teens struggle with decisions about college whereas few teens in Cambodia do since few youth go to college. This illustrates that a. identity foreclosure only occurs in America. b. the process of identity development is variable because different cultures provide adolescents with different opportunities for making choices. c. youth from other countries do not form identities. d. the process of identity formation is universal and occurs in a step-wise fashion from identity diffusion in early adolescent to foreclosure to moratorium and the identity achieved. 202. ________ refers to your overall view of yourself, whereas ______ refers to evaluations of specific competencies, such as academic ability, social skills, and physical appearance. a. Self-esteem; self-concept b. Self-concept; self-esteem c. Real self; ideal self d. Ideal self; real self 203. Researchers often assess ________ with self-report measures that ask people to respond to statements such as, “On the whole, I am satisfied with myself.” a. self-esteem b. self-concept c. identity formation d. identity diffusion 204. Which of the following is/are TRUE regarding the self-esteem of adolescents? a. Self-esteem declines around 11 years of age and is at its lowest point between 12 and 13 years. b. Caucasian girls tend to have lower self-esteem than Caucasian boys. c. Black adolescents often report higher self-esteem than Whites or Asians. d. All of these statements are true. 205. Which of the following is FALSE regarding the self-esteem of adolescents? a. Self-esteem is heavily influenced by real accomplishments in school and other areas of life. b. Adolescents who have strong ethnic identities score somewhat lower on self-esteem measures than those who identify less strongly with an ethnic tradition. c. Part-Black biracial teens tend to have less positive feelings about their ethnic backgrounds and slightly lower self-esteem. d. Self-esteem sometimes drops when children transition into middle school, where work is harder and friendships often change. 206. When adolescents describe their self-concepts, they _________ more than children. a. write longer descriptions b. use more abstract concepts c. use more categories of evaluation d. do all of these 207. According to Susan Harter, adolescents’ increased differentiation a. is prompted by increased cognitive development. b. is prompted by social pressures to act differently in different situations. c. causes them distress. d. is characterized by all of these. 208. Because adolescents are confused by being different people in different times and places, they a. regress back to a foreclosed identity or remain longer in this identity diffusion. b. develop adjustment problems that will interfere with them developing a stable relationship with another. c. eventually integrate their multiple self-concepts into an integrated, consistent sense of self. d. go through another episode of moratorium to clarify their options before making a final commitment. 209. Adolescents integrate their multiple self-concepts into a consistent sense of self starting around _____ years of age. a. 12 b. 14 c. 16 d. 18 210. The development of self concepts occurs through three processes that occur in the following order from early adolescence to late adolescence: a. foreclosure, moratorium, achievement. b. seeing self in abstract traits, differentiating among broader traits, integrating traits into a whole. c. identifying real self, imagining ideal self, realistically working with possible selves. d. moody self-concept, flexible self-concept, mature identity.