SOLVED

131) Which of the following agents would NOT reduce blood pressure? A) Alpha2 agonist B) Alpha1 antagonist C) Beta1 antagonist D) Beta2 antagonist 132) If a newly developed drug is undergoing a double-blind study in a large patient population, it is most likely undergoing what phase of human studies? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 133) Which of the following statements about histamines and antihistamines is NOT true? A) A chief side effect of antihistamines is sedation. B) Stimulation of the H1 histamine receptors plays a major role in the development of anaphylaxis. C) Although asthma attacks can be caused by allergens, antihistamines should not be administered as a treatment. D) There are antagonists for both H1 and H2 histamine receptor sites. 134) Medications to treat extrapyramidal side effects from antipsychotic medications, as well as drugs used to treat Parkinson’s disease, achieve their therapeutic effects by: A) Enhancing the effects of acetylcholine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, in the basal ganglia B) Blocking the release of dopamine from the substantia nigra in the basal ganglia C) Blocking the transmission of neural impulses through the pyramidal decussation of the brain D) Increasing the amount of dopamine at the receptor sites in the basal ganglia 135) Which of the following is an acceptable antidote for a specific poisoning? A) Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) for acetaminophen overdose B) Sodium bicarbonate for muriatic acid ingestion C) Amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite, and sodium thiosulfate for organophosphate exposure D) Naloxone for diazepam overdose 136) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of nifedipine (Procardia)? A) It has little effect on preload, so orthostatic hypotension is not a problem. B) Reduction of blood pressure is accomplished by reducing the peripheral vascular resistance. C) It effectively dilates the coronary arteries. D) It produces a positive inotropic effect on the heart. 137) What distinguishes verapamil (Calan, Isoptin) and diltiazem (Cardizem) from nifedipine (Procardia)? A) Verapamil and diltiazem are calcium channel blockers, whereas nifedipine is not. B) Verapamil and diltiazem reduce SA and AV node conductivity. C) Nifedipine can only be used to treat anginal episodes. D) Only nifedipine causes smooth muscle relaxation. 138) Dopamine is not administered directly to the patient during the treatment of Parkinson’s disease because: A) Dopamine is not a therapeutic consideration; only acetylcholine replacement therapy is B) Dopamine cannot cross the blood-brain barrier C) The half-life of dopamine is too short to enable pharmacologic effects in the brain D) The type of dopamine necessary in the brain is different from the type administered intravenously 139) Which of the following statements about nitroglycerin is NOT true? A) Nitroglycerin achieves its therapeutic effects by blocking the entry of calcium into the cells of smooth muscle. B) Nitroglycerin is poorly lipid soluble, which prevents it from passing through cell membranes, thereby prolonging its effects. C) Nitroglycerin primarily dilates veins and coronary vessels. D) Nitroglycerin commonly causes headache and orthostatic hypotension. 140) You are caring for a middle-aged male patient who has a long history of psychiatric disorders. During your assessment you note excessive tremors and uncontrollable spasms in his head, neck, and arms. This is most likely: A) Manifestations of his psychotic illness B) Extrapyramidal side effects of his antipsychotic medication C) A purposeful action designed to draw attention away from his medical history D) Drug interactions produced by antihypertensive medications and diuretics