21.Which modification would NOT be considered minor by the Educational Testing Service? a.Using only portion of the test b.Large-print test material c.Sign language interpreter d.Wheelchair access 22.What is a written document developed by a committee that specifies the examinee’s instructional arrangement, the special services they receive, and any assessment modifications they will receive? a.Disabled Individual Plan b.Education Assistance Plan c.Individual Education Program d.Special Education Document 23.______________________ prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in any agency or school that receives federal funds. a.The Education Improvement Act of 1985 b.The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act c.The No Child Left Behind Act d.Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 24.Which of the following is considered a modification of presentation format? a.Defining words b.Extended time c.Study carrel d.Tape recorder to record responses 25.Which of the following is considered a modification of response format? a.Highlight key words or phrases b.Increasing the spacing between items c.Providing additional examples d.Use of graph paper for math problems 26.What accommodation is allowed by the Texas Student Assessment Program? a.Clarifying or rephrasing test questions b.Reading assistance on the language arts tests c.The use of colored transparencies d.Clarified or rephrased test questions 27.Fuchs (2002) notes that one of the prominent strategies for examining the validity of assessment accommodations is to look for ______________ of the accommodation between examinees with and without disabilities. a.common effects b.differential effects c.oblique effects d.orthogonal effects 28.What system have Fuchs and colleagues developed and studied that may assist educators and researchers in deciding whether to use a particular accommodation? a.Differences of Test Accommodation System b.Common Effects of Test Accommodations c.Oblique Appraisal of Test Modifications d.Dynamic Assessment of Test Accommodations 29.What is one guideline provided by Dr. Phillips regarding test accommodations? a.Accommodations must be the same for all students with disabilities. b.Any accommodation requested must be granted. c.3-months is considered adequate notices in most assessment programs. d.Accommodations should be individualized. 30.Which court case ruled that in order for a state to implement high-stakes testing, they must be able to show that students have had adequate opportunities to acquire the knowledge and skills assessed by the assessment? a.Brookhart v. Illinois Board of Education b.Davis v. Southeastern Community College c.Debra P. v. Turlington d.Northport v. Ambach