SOLVED

161. Cross-sectional data suggests that inductive reasoning is high in the mid 20s and then declines markedly. This data may be misleading because a. different cohorts were used. b. the people who drop out of cross-sectional studies tend to be less educated than those who remain, which inflates mean scores. c. repeated practice with the test might boost the scores of the participants. d. of all of these reasons. 162. A ___________ study is one that repeatedly tests a single cohort over time. a. longitudinal b. cross-sectional c. cross-sequential d. psychometric 163. Longitudinal studies suggest that inductive reasoning scores are stable until middle age and do not decline noticeably until 67 years of age. These results may be overly optimistic because a. different cohorts were used. b. of the Flynn Effect requiring that the tests be re-normed periodically. c. repeated practice with the test might boost the scores. d. of all of these reasons. 164. Longitudinal studies suggest that inductive reasoning scores are stable until middle age and do not decline noticeably until 67 years of age. These results may be overly optimistic because a. different cohorts were used. b. of the Flynn Effect required the tests were re-normed periodically. c. the people who drop out of longitudinal studies tend to be less educated than those who remain, which inflates mean scores. d. of all of these reasons. 165. Schaie, the lead investigator of the Seattle Longitudinal Study, realized that cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches both have drawbacks. So, to compensate, he designed the study to include _________ methodology, in which cohorts of participants were retested over intervals ranging for seven to 35 years, but new cohorts were also continually added. a. one-time, one-group b. double-blind c. cross-sequential d. information processing 166. A ___________ study is one in which cohorts of participants are retested over intervals of several years and allows one to analyze the effects of cohorts and time of measurement. a. longitudinal b. cross-sectional c. cross-sequential d. psychometric 167. The Seattle Longitudinal Study suggests that normal aging does not seriously affect cognitive performance before 45 to 50 years except in circumstance involving a. speed of thought. b. inductive reasoning. c. deductive reasoning. d. practical intelligence. 168. Patterns of performance on standardized tests, such as seen in the Seattle Longitudinal Study, have led to the theory that mental skill is composed of two primary abilities referred to as a  primary and secondary intelligence. b. inductive and deductive reasoning. c. crystallized and fluid intelligence. d. formal and practical intelligence. 169. ____________ intelligence involves knowledge and verbal skills that accumulate with age. a  Inductive b. Deductive c. Crystallized d. Fluid 170. JoAnna is in her late 30s and decides to go back to college and major in education. This educational experience will increase JoAnna’s __________ intelligence. a  inductive b. deductive c. crystallized d. fluid.