SOLVED

125 In the strange-situation paradigm, the infant is placed in a strange situation, which is defined as a room or setting which the infant has never seen before. 126. Suppose an infant in the strange situation is observed to respond to the mother’s departure by displaying little concern and emotion, and to respond to her return with ambivalence, both clinging to the mother and appearing to reject her affection. This infant most likely would be labeled as having a resistant attachment. 127. Infants who are able to form secure attachments with caregivers during the first year are less likely to experience behavioral problems in later life. 128. In Harry Harlow’s research with monkeys raised with surrogate mothers, the infant monkeys were given a choice of being raised in either a cage with a metal surrogate mother that had a source of milk or being raised in a cage with a soft terrycloth surrogate that had no milk supply. 129. To say that attachment is synchronous means that it develops at the proper time in the developmental sequence of events. 130. According to Erik Erikson, secure attachments provide infants with the opportunity to develop relationships centered on trust. 131. In the United States today, most infants develop attachments with a wide variety of caregivers, whereas in other nations around the world, attachments are much more likely to develop with only a single adult. 132. The development of stranger anxiety emerges at about 7 months of age, most likely because the infant’s cognitive development has proceeded to the point where now the infant can tell the difference between a familiar adult and a stranger. 133. The discrepancy hypothesis has been proposed as a way of explaining why infants sometimes develop a secure attachment and sometimes develop an insecure attachment. 134. If a child falls and scrapes his knee, and immediately looks to his father to see whether or not he should be upset, this is a good example of social referencing.