SOLVED

141. Perry’s stage of commitments in relativism and the idea of reflective judgment are examples of a. formal operational thought. b. postformal thought. c. convergent thought. d. intuitive thought. 142. Postformal thought has been criticized for a. lacking a clear definition. b. describing variations in thinking that stem from specific experiences rather than universal stages of development. c. reflecting more of a change in people’s priorities, rather than a change in reasoning ability. d. all of these. 143. Lifespan researcher _________ does not believe that adults progress beyond the “powerful methods of science” that characterize formal operational reasoning, but what changes are people’s priorities. a. William Perry, Jr. b. K. Warner Schaie c. Jean Piaget d. Erik Erikson 144. Lifespan researcher K. Warner Schaie does not believe that adults progress beyond the “powerful methods of science” that characterize formal operational reasoning, so differences are related to a. people’s priorities. b. cultural expectations. c. temperamental qualities. d. intelligence and schooling. 145. Adults who are building families and careers are focused on using knowledge in ways that will secure long-term goals, while middle-aged adults who find themselves in complex organizations develop skills for monitoring various levels of responsibility. Older adults who have few family or work responsibilities focus on problems that are personally meaningful. This illustrates that a. reasoning ability progresses from formal operational thought to postformal thought by middle-age. b. that postformal thought is utilized throughout adulthood. c. that people’s reasoning is influenced by their priorities at different times in their lives. d. that concrete operational thought is the only reasoning that is necessary for most adult endeavors. 146. ____________ intelligence includes the ability to navigate basic life skills, such as reading medication labels, and skill at solving real-life dilemmas, such as deciding how to get a broken lawnmower fixed. a. Everyday b. Fluid c. Componential d. Crystallized 147. The idea that intelligence is best understood by looking at what people actually do has encouraged some scientists to focus on ____________ intelligence, which is how adults apply their cognitive resources in daily life. a. practical b. fluid c. componential d. crystallized 148. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding intelligence? a. Performance on formal academic tasks, such as the ability to solve quadratic equations, often declines after young adulthood as people forget some of the material they learned in school. b. A high IQ does not guarantee practical intelligence. c. Performance peaks earlier for traditional academic problems than for tasks involving real-life situations. d. The oldest adults consistently outperform other age norms on practical intelligence. 149. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding intelligence? a. Adults who were high achievers in school are not always the best performers on the job, where “street smarts” often prevail. b. On some tasks, middle-age adults generate safer and more effective solutions to problems than either younger or older adults do. c. No one age group consistently outperforms other age groups regarding practical intelligence. d. There is a general trend for people to become less flexible in their thinking and less tolerant regarding ambiguity as they pass through adulthood. 150. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding intelligence? a. Adults who were high achievers in school are always the best performers on the job, because of their conscientiousness. b. Adults and children alike perform better on tasks that are familiar to them and problems that are relevant to their age group. c. No one age group consistently outperforms other age groups regarding practical intelligence. d. There is a general trend for people to develop more flexibility and more tolerance for ambiguity as they pass through adulthood.