31) In the 1940s and 1950s, companies began offering ________ as an alternative to pay hikes in order to motivate employees through greater work benefits. 32) ________ replaces income for employees who become unable to work because of sicknesses or accidents. 33) The ________ is the time between the initial date of hire and the time that coverage in a disability insurance program begins. 34) An ________ refers to the minimum amount of time that an employee must wait after becoming disabled before disability insurance payments begin. 35) ________ life insurance gives protection to the beneficiaries of employees based on the insurance feature of term life insurance and a more flexible savings or cash accumulation plan than found in whole life insurance plans. 36) Retirement programs, or ________, provide income to employees and their beneficiaries during some or all of their retirement. 37) ________ are paid time off for professional activities, such as a research project or a curriculum development. 38) ________ programs help bring employees to the workplace and back home again by using more energy-efficient forms of transportation. 39) ________ are career and personal programs designed to develop the job-hunting skills and strategies of employees being laid off or terminated. 40