SOLVED

6-21) Of the different types of quasi-experimental designs with nonmanipulated independent variables, the __________ design runs the greatest risk of subject attrition. a. cross-sectional b. “true” experimental c. longitudinal d. correlational 6-22) A __________ represents a group of individuals who share certain characteristics – most typically, time of birth. a. confound b. comparison c. cerebellum d. cohort 6-23) It is likely that research subjects born at different times in history will hold different views about politics, for example, due to a(n) a. cohort effect. b. political favoritism displayed toward individuals born in recent times. c. inability to measure political attitudes correctly in the last century. d. loss of all research records prior to 1900. 6-24) In attempting to infer causation from quasi-experimental studies with nonmanipulated independent variables, researchers have to consider __________ differences in the participants. a. behavioral b. experiential c. personality d. all of the above 6-25) In examining behavioral, experiential, and personality differences in subjects participating in quasi-experiments with nonmanipulated independent variables, the __________ refers to the case when researchers examine whether differences in a variable at one point in time relate to differences in other variables at a later time. a. prospective approach b. retrospective approach c. confounded approach d. “true” experimental approach 6-26) Most quasi-experimental studies make use of a __________, which means that independent and dependent variables are examined by looking back in time at the lives of the research participants. a. prospective approach b. retrospective approach c. dichotomous approach d. continuous approach 6-27) Dr. Rasmussen is conducting a quasi-experimental investigation with a nonmanipulated independent variable. To form two groups, she takes test scores from the pretest and assigns those subjects who score at the middle of the distribution and higher to one group, while those who score below the middle score of the distribution to the other group. This technique of forming groups is referred to as the a. random assignment method. b. extreme-groups method. c. regression method. d. median-split method. 6-28) James is working on a quasi-experimental project for his research methods class and he needs to form two groups of participants. In doing so, based on pretest exam scores, James takes 30% of the subjects who do the best on the exam, and 30% of the subjects who do the worst on the exam, and assigns them to two groups accordingly. This technique of assigning subjects to different groups is referred to as the a. extreme-groups method. b. median-split method. c. random assignment method. d. regression method. 6-29) Twin studies are often carried out in quasi-experimental investigations in order to assess the role of __________ in the research participants. a. confounds b. random assignment c. retrospective approaches d. genetic differences 6-30) In twin studies, the two members of a __________ pair are genetically identical. a. monozygotic b. dizygotic c. copied d. factorial