SOLVED

 1 In contrast to earlier previous times, by the end of the Middle Ages, attitudes about children in Western societies had: a. changed for the worse – children were viewed primarily as burdens on the family b. changed for the better – children came to be viewed as experiencing a period of innocence c. changed for the worse – children were viewed as miniature adults with adult responsibilities d. changed for the better – children’s opinions were given much broader responsibilities and had greater obligations for helping the family 2. According to the text, the decade of the 1990s was labeled by President George H. W. Bush as “the decade of ____________.” a. the genome b. evolution c. the brain d. natural selection 3. Which research design tests groups of subjects of different ages, all at the same time? a. cross-sectional design b. longitudinal design c. sequential design d. age cohort design 4. Which of the following is of highest value in a collectivist culture? a. interdependence b. competition c. individuality d. personal achievement 5. Which of the following best describes the difference in Freud’s and Erikson’s views about human development? a. Erikson emphasized the role of unconscious processes; Freud emphasized conscious processes. b. Erikson emphasized the role of conditioning and social learning; Freud emphasized unconscious processes. c. Erikson emphasized the role of conscious processes; Freud emphasized unconscious processes. d. None of the answers are correct because Freud and Erikson emphasized very similar processes as guiding human development. 6. A researcher obtains individuals’ permission before randomly assigning them to the treatment or the control group. She is complying with the basic ethical principle regarding: a. freedom from harm b. informed consent c. use of deception d. maintenance of privacy 7. In Dr. Arnold’s developmental psychology class, she chooses to organize the course chronologically. This means that: a. the easiest concepts are presented first, followed by harder concepts b. students are given as much time as they need to master the basic concepts covered in the course c. the course begins with prenatal development, then proceeds to cover each age-related developmental period as it unfolds through the lifespan d. she intends to cover the major topics in development one at a time, for example, brain development, cognitive development, social development, and so forth 8. Suppose that Peggy once became ill after eating pizza. Now anytime that she smells pizza she starts to feel queasy. Peggy’s situation has most likely developed as the result of: a. adaptation b. assimilation c. classical conditioning d. operant conditioning 9. If you were to explain a particular behavior as being learned according to Vygotsky’s social-cognitive learning theory, you would most likely emphasize which of the following in your explanation of that behavior? a. how children learn from other people b. how reinforcement shapes behavior c. how punishment shapes behavior d. how toilet training affects later personality development 10. A researcher investigating the effect of peer tutoring on reading skills studies two groups of children in remedial reading classes. One group receives peer tutoring three times a week for three months, the other group does not. At the end of the three months, the two groups are tested in reading skills. What is the dependent variable in this experiment? a. peer tutoring versus no tutoring b. reading skills level at the beginning of the experiment c. reading skills level at the end of the experiment d. the number of children in each group