SOLVED

161) Oppositional defiant disorder typically begins before age ________. A) two B) four C) six D) eight 162) Oppositional defiant disorder is ________ common among boys than girls before the age of 12. It is ________ common among boys than girls after age 12. A) less; less B) more; less C) less; more D) more; more 163) Many theorists believe that oppositional defiant disorder stems from being born with ________ temperament. A) an easy B) a compliant C) a slow to warm D) a difficult 164) Learning theorists view oppositional defiant disorder as arising from ________. A) excessive use of punishment B) use of aversive conditioning C) inappropriate reinforcement strategies D) the use of unconditional positive regard 165) Each of the following is involved in the development of conduct disorder in children EXCEPT ________. A) genetic factors B) consistently lenient discipline C) parental marital conflict D) parental distress 166) Which of the following has been MOST effective in treating children with conduct disorders? A) classical conditioning B) operant conditioning C) problem-solving skills training D) traditional psychotherapy 167) Through cognitive-behavioural therapy, children with conduct disorder are trained to use _________ to inhibit impulsive behaviour and control anger, and to generate and try out nonviolent solutions to social conflicts. A) cueing techniques B) reinforcement C) contingent punishment D) calming self-talk 168) Avoidance of social interactions tend to develop after normal fear of strangers fades, at an age of __________ or later. A) two B) two and a half C) three D) three and a half 169) After the age of __________, adolescent girls become about twice as likely to become depressed as adolescent boys. A) 12 B) 13 C) 14 D) 15 170) Which of the following diagnostic categories applies only to children and adolescents? A) separation anxiety disorder B) generalized anxiety disorder C) simple phobia D) social phobia