SOLVED

1) Psychologists believe that personality is largely the result of a. parental and peer influences. b. multiple factors. c. responses to life stressors. d. genetics. 2) According to your authors, mass media psychologists and other social commentators are often guilty of a. proposing single-cause explanations of human behaviour. b. assuming that correlation implies causation regarding human behaviour. c. supplying nonparsimonious explanations for the causes of various human behaviours. d. offering nonfalsifiable theories to explain human behaviour. 3) Statements made by talk show psychologists, such as “He murdered all of those people because he had an unhappy childhood,” reflect _______________ and fail to acknowledge that personality and behaviour are multiply determined. a. the confirmation bias b. single-cause explanations c. ruling out rival hypotheses d. extraordinary claims 4) Relatively enduring predispositions that influence our behaviour across many situations are called _____________. a. personalities b. schemas c. defence mechanisms d. traits 5) Our typical ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving correspond to our _____________. a. personality b. schemas c. defence mechanisms d. traits 6) Your friend sets you up on a blind date. When you meet this person for coffee, they tell you they are introverted and haven’t had much luck meeting potential dating partners without the help of friends. Your date has given you a description of ______________. a. their personality b. a schemas c. their defence mechanisms d. a trait they possess 7) Collective personality characteristics are to ______________ as individual personality characteristics are to _______________. a. an idiographic approach; a nomothetic approach b. a nomothetic approach; an idiographic approach c. Freudian theories; humanistic theories d. humanistic theories; Freudian theories 8) Dr. Skeller is conducted a detailed examination of the personality and behaviour his patient “Marvin” to determine how his life shaped his personality and vice versa. In this example, Dr. Skeller is using the _____________ approach to understanding personality. a. nomothetic b. humanistic c. idiographic d. Freudian 9) Dr. Cramilton is a researcher that examines how personality features influence study habits in student populations, including techniques they use for memorizing material learned in classes. In this example, Dr. Cramilton is using the ____________ approach to understanding personality and behaviour. a. nomothetic b. humanistic c. idiographic d. Freudian 10) If a parent treats one child more affectionately than another, and as a consequence this child ends up with higher self-esteem, the parenting in this case is a _________________ factor. a. genetic b. shared environmental c. psychosocial d. nonshared environmental