SOLVED

101) Freud believed that mourning, or normal bereavement, is ________. A) a psychologically healthy process B) a symptom of inner conflict C) a sign of emotional immaturity D) a symptom of an underlying pathological process 102) Psychodynamic theories suggest that to preserve a psychological connection to a lost object, people ______, or bring inward, a mental representation of the object. A) identify B) channel C) introject D) incorporate 103) Recent psychodynamic theories see depression as ________. A) loss of self-worth or self-esteem B) the result of an existence lacking in meaning C) overdependence on parental figures for love and support D) anger turned inward 104) The model of depression stating that depression arises when a person continues to pursue love objects or goals when it would be more appropriate to surrender them is the ________ model. A) introjection B) self-focusing C) existential D) interactional 105) Carl’s wife has just left him for another man. While everyone else can see that Carl’s relationship with his wife is truly over, he continues to dwell on ways that he can somehow restore the relationship. He cannot bear the loss of self-esteem and security he has suffered since his wife left him. Carl’s actions are best explained by the ________ model of depression. A) introjection B) self-focusing C) existential D) interactional 106) Research has shown that people suffering from depression engage in ________ levels of self-focusing following ________ experiences. A) lower; failure B) lower; ambiguous C) higher; failure D) higher; success 107) In the humanistic-existential perspective, depression arises from ________. A) anger turned inward B) imbalanced social interactions C) inadequate social reinforcement D) lack of self-fulfillment and meaning in life 108) According to the learning perspective, the low rate of activity typical of depression may be a source of __________. A) primary reinforcement B) secondary reinforcement C) primary extinction D) secondary extinction 109) Learning perspectives tend to focus on ________ that contribute to depression. A) person variables B) unconscious conflicts C) esteem factors D) situational variables 110) Which of the following is NOT true of depression and reinforcement? A) A showering of attention from family members serves as a reinforcer that helps the depressed person recover. B) Depression often leads to a release from ordinary responsibilities that serves as a secondary gain. C) Social withdrawal accompanying depression may lead to fewer than normal opportunities for normal social reinforcement. D) Depression can lead to sympathy that reinforces the depression and delays or prevents recovery.