SOLVED

21) Which of the following is not one of the intersections of nature and nurture in developmental psychology? a. Gene expression b. Gene-environment interactions c. Natural selection of traits d. Nature via nurture 22) ________refers to heredity and __________ refers to environmental influences. a. Nature; nurture b. Cognition; emotion c. Nurture; behavioural genetics d. Cross-sectional; longitudinal 23) Dr. Smith believes people who are very aggressive have become so because of their life experiences. Dr. Goldberg believes people are more or less aggressive from birth because of genetic factors. Which of the following terms best describes an issue in human development that is highlighted by their disagreement? a. Nature versus nurture b. Cognition versus emotion c. Classical versus operant conditioning d. Cross-sectional studies versus longitudinal studies 24) Juan and Carlos are identical twins. Juan was raised by his father and mother, and Carlos was accidentally placed with another family after a “mix up” at the hospital. At the age of 15, both boys “ran into each other” at a football game and noticed how they appeared to be “mirror images of each other.” After proving they were twins by genetic testing, the families discussed some of the differences between the boys. Juan is very athletic and intelligent and excels in basketball but does not take school seriously and has F’s in all subjects. Carlos is also athletic and intelligent, and excels in baseball and makes straight A’s as a result of his strict home life and study routine. Although they are identical twins, what do you think accounts for the differences in their academic performance based on the research? a. Nature b. Nurture c. School district superintendent d. Teacher appraisals of performance 25) Each of the 10 children born to Ernest and Elvira Orangeburg has been born with red hair. Each child is also very intelligent and athletic. The Orangeburg’s are expecting an 11th child, who is also likely to be born with the same traits according to ______________ as evidenced in the _____________________. a. nurture; nature versus nurture controversy b. nature; nature versus nurture controversy c. environmental factors; conception theory d. teratogens; conception theory 26) Sally has genes that predispose her to anxiety problems. However, she was not an anxious person until she was the victim of a mugging. This provides an example of the phenomenon of _______________. a. nature via nurture b. gene expression c. infant determinism d. gene-environment interaction 27) Which of the following is true concerning the nature–nurture debate? a. Most researchers are either pro-nature or pro-nurture when describing the causes of human behaviour. b. People with genetic predispositions for anxiety will eventually express this type of behaviour. c. Gene expression is not substantially influenced by the environment. d. Most researchers believe that genes and environment interact to influence human behaviour. 28) The heart, lungs, and brain begin to form during the ________ period of prenatal development. a. blastocyst b. embryonic c. zygotic d. fetal 29) The term ________ refers to a ball of identical cells early in pregnancy that have not yet begun to take on any specific function in a body part. a. embryo b. blastocyst c. fetus d. neonate 30) The prenatal period during which tremendous growth occurs and the organs continue to develop and become functional is called the _______________ period. a. blastocyst b. embryonic c. zygotic d. fetal