SOLVED

1. When children are younger, they are more likely to engage in ________ aggression; as they grow older they are more likely to engage in __________ aggression. a. physical; verbal b. verbal; physical c. instrumental; hostile d. instrumental; intentional 2. Compared to children who don’t have imaginary companions, those who do: a. are less sociable b. are more shy c. have more friends d. are less creative 3. The text describes a study in which young children watched a puppet show in which a puppet was described as either a friend or an acquaintance who gets in trouble. The children responded with more empathy when the person in trouble was __________ and showed a greater willingness to help ________. a. a friend; an acquaintance b. an acquaintance; a friend c. an acquaintance; an acquaintance d. a friend; a friend 4. The major way that anxiety is different from fear is that anxiety is: a. much more intense emotionally b. processed in the brain, whereas fear is processed in the spinal cord c. more generalized and vague d. innate, rather than learned 5. As children grow older, they gain a greater ability to empathize. As a consequence, their tendency to behave aggressively: a. first increases, but then decreases b. first decreases, but then increases c. generally decreases d. generally increases 6. The text reports a study in which female college students interacted with a 6-month-old infant who was either a boy or a girl, and who was dressed as either a boy or a girl. (For example, sometimes a boy was dressed as a boy, sometimes he was dressed as a girl.) Results demonstrate the importance of which of the following factors in the development of gender identity? a. genetic forces, especially those coded on the X and Y chromosomes b. brain development, which proceeds either in a “male” or “female” pattern c. socialization d. androgyny 7 Which of the following statements is the most accurate description of the relationship between socioeconomic status and child maltreatment? a. Children in low-income families are least likely to be abused because these families are most likely to be headed by women. b. Children in high-income families are most likely to be abused, but the abuse is less likely to be reported due to the high social status of the parents. c. Children in low-income families are most likely to be abused because poverty and unemployment involve stress and heighten risk for abuse. d. Children in middle-class homes are most likely to be abused, but the abuse is less likely to be reported because one parent usually covers up the abuse for the other parent. 8. Based on research cited in the text, you would expect that 5-year-old Robby is most likely to fear: a. monsters b. strangers c. falling d. loud noises 9. A 6-year-old child says, “I did this REALLY WELL! I am a SMART girl!” These statements best reflect Erik Erikson’s concept of: a. autonomy b. trust c. initiative d. independence 10. Leo and Mary use firm control with their children but encourage communication and negotiation in rule setting within the family. Their parenting style would best be described as: a. permissive b. authoritative c. authoritarian d. indifferent