SOLVED

171) Which of the following is not a hurdle to solving problems? a. Functional fixedness b. Salience of surface similarities c. Mental sets d. Taxonomic hierarchies 172) When attempting to solve a problem, we are often distracted by ____________ rather than focusing on the underlying reasoning needed to solve the problem. a. the hindsight bias b. thin slicing c. mental sets d. the salience of surface properties 173) If I am given 10 math problems, and I can and do solve the first nine in the same way, I may struggle with the tenth problem if it requires a different method to solve it. This best illustrates the concept of a. the salience of surface properties. b. mental sets. c. thin slicing. d. hindsight bias. 174) The tendency to perceive and approach problems in the same ways that have worked in the past is called a. the salience of surface properties. b. mental sets. c. thin slicing. d. hindsight bias. 175) My exposure to the typical use of objects in my culture may render me less able to find novel solutions to problems. This is referred to as a. availability heuristic. b. mental sets. c. functional fixedness. d. salience of surface characteristics. 176) Susan’s car gets stuck in the snow, and no matter what she tries, her tires just keep spinning as she can’t get any traction underneath her tires. She looks at the items in her trunk (crackers, her school books, some windshield washer fluid, and some kitty litter) and is frustrated because she doesn’t seem to have anything to help her out of her situation. Susan is displaying ______________ as she did not think of using kitty litter to sprinkle under her tires to help with traction. a. a mental set b. functional fixedness c. the availability heuristic d. the hindsight bias 177) Tom is baking banana bread, and the recipe calls for half a cup of margarine. When he realizes that he does not have any margarine, he gives up baking rather than using a substitute. His method of thinking reflects a. an algorithm. b. mental set. c. surface salience. d. functional fixedness. 178) __________ are step-by-step learned procedures that are useful for problem solving but are not flexible to adaptation. a. Algorithms b. Mental sets c. Frames d. Schemas 179) The most widely used analogy for our mind’s ability to process information, fill in gaps, and draw inferences has been the a. wax seal model. b. subterranean cavern model. c. language acquisition device. d. computer model. 180) Which of the following is not one of the features of thought that our brains enable us to do? a. Generate creative solutions b. Assign tasks to pre-learned algorithms that can be re-run many times c. Attend to different aspects of a situation on different occasions d. Switch gears 181) According to _______________, our knowledge is organized and accessed in a manner that enables us to simulate our actual experiences. a. artificial intelligence models b. schema models c. general cognitive processing models