SOLVED

41. If you were asked to solve one of Kohlberg’s “moral dilemmas,” this would involve: a. answering questions about your own moral (or immoral) behavior b. judging a logical argument to determine if a moral principle is being correctly described c. determining how a misbehaving child should be punished d. reading a story and judging whether the characters’ actions are moral or immoral 42. Suppose that children participating in a research study were asked to answer the following question: If a child sees a classmate cheating on a test, should the child tell the teacher, or not? This study is employing a technique referred to as: a. a moral dilemma b. moral ambiguity c. moral absolutism d. egocentric thinking 43. According to Kohlberg, as children develop, their moral reasoning becomes ______ abstract and ________ tied to the consequences of their behavior. a. more; more b. more; less c. less; more d. less; less 44. Kohlberg proposed that there are ___ broad levels of moral development, each of which can be broken into ___ substages, for a total of ____ stages. a. 4; 2; 8 b. 3; 3; 9 c. 3; 2; 6 d. 2; 3; 6 45. According to Kohlberg’s view of moral development, if Marty decides a behavior is right or wrong on the basis of whether it is rewarded or punished, he is using reasoning that is typical of which of the following? a. the conventional level of moral reasoning b. the individual principles stage of moral reasoning c. the social conformity stage of moral reasoning d. the preconventional level of moral reasoning 46. Which of the following most accurately expresses the relative emphasis given to moral attitudes versus moral behavior in Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of moral development? a. Kohlberg’s theory focuses on explaining moral attitudes, but not moral behavior. b. Kohlberg’s theory focuses on explaining moral behavior, but not moral attitudes. c. Kohlberg’s theory focuses on explaining both moral attitudes and moral behavior. d. Kohlberg’s theory focuses on explaining theoretical ethics, not moral attitudes or behavior. 47. Dr. Ramirez is critical of Kohlberg’s theory because it emphasizes a Western view of moral values. His criticism suggests that Kohlberg’s theory is too heavily influenced by: a. moral absolutism b. conventional morality c. postconventional morality d. moral dilemma 48. Which of Kohlberg’s stages is most vulnerable to criticisms involving moral absolutism? a. preconventional stage b. conventional stage c. postconventional stage d. moral relativism stage 4 Suppose that researchers in China and researchers in England find that children in these two countries view moral decisions in very different ways. These findings would best demonstrate the meaning of the term: a. postconventional morality b. moral realism c. moral dilemma d. moral absolutism 50. Carol Gilligan challenged the theory of moral development advanced by Lawrence Kohlberg because it was based on: a. moral reasoning, not moral behavior b. research conducted only with men, and not women c. a non-Christian understanding of morality and moral principles d. legal, rather than ethical, principles defining right and wrong