SOLVED

1) ________ is not part of the hydrologic cycle. A) Water evaporating from a lake B) Water infiltrating into the soil and bedrock C) Calcium carbonate dissolving in soil water and groundwater D) Water moving into creeks and streams following a rainstorm 2) Which one of the following statements is correct? A) Sea level drops when water is stored in expanding ice sheets and continental glaciers. B) Sea level rises when water is added to the oceans through increased rainfall and increased inflow from rivers. C) Sea level drops when evaporation rates increase over the oceans and when this extra, atmospheric moisture falls on land as rain. D) Sea level rises when water is stored in expanding ice sheets and continental glaciers. 3) Which of the following is the correct definition of stream gradient? A) the distance traveled by water in a channel times a drop in elevation B) the drop in elevation of a stream divided by the distance the water travels C) the water pressure at the bottom of the stream divided by the stream’s width D) the increase in discharge of a stream per unit drop in elevation 4) A natural, meandering, river channel is modified into a more or less straight and smooth, canal-like channel. Which of the following statements is correct? A) The natural channel had a lower gradient and less friction than the modified channel. B) The straight channel has a higher gradient and more friction than the natural channel. C) The natural channel had a lower gradient and higher friction than the straight channel. D) All of the above statements are true. 5) How does urbanization (paving, etc.) affect runoff and infiltration in a small, previously forested, drainage basin? A) both decrease B) runoff decreases; infiltration increases C) both increase D) infiltration decreases; runoff increases 6) Which of the following must result in a lower base level for rivers and streams? A) Sea level drops; land subsides. B) Sea level falls; land rises. C) Sea level rises; land subsides. D) Sea level rises; land rises. 7) ________ make up the suspended loads of most rivers and streams. A) Dissolved ions and sand B) Dissolved salts C) Silt and clay-sized, detrital grains D) Sand and gravel that move during floods 8) ________ describes the total sediment load transported by a stream. A) Capacity B) Discharge C) Competence D) Hydro-load factor 9) At the head of a delta, the major channel splits into smaller channels that follow different paths to the sea. These smaller channels are known as ________. A) endotributaries B) exotributaries C) distributaries D) cotributaries 10) Why is a bird-foot delta like that of the present-day Mississippi below New Orleans likely to change naturally toward one with the shape of an equilateral triangle like the upper-case, Greek letter delta (?)? A) Present-day distributaries have higher gradients than potential new ones. B) Potential, new, major distributary channels have steeper gradients than existing channels. C) Potential, new, distributary channels have higher gradients, causing downcutting of the existing channels. D) Increased sediment loads since the mid-nineteenth century have caused the major distributaries to be filled with sand. 1