SOLVED

11)The pretest-posttest design is NOT recommended for use in program evaluation research because A)generalization of the results is impossible. B)threats to internal validity are not controlled in this type of design. C)the control group is difficult to debrief. D)it yields low external validity. 12)In program evaluation, if a control group is NOT possible, the best alternative research strategy is A)a status survey. B)a pretest-posttest design. C)a time-series design. D)a multiple baseline design. 13)Which of the following is the weakest design in program evaluation? A)Single-group, pretest-posttest. B)Single-subject. C)Single-group, time-series. D)Randomized control group. 14)Why is the pretest-posttest design NOT recommended for program evaluation? A)With only two measures and no control group, almost none of the threats to reliability are controlled. B)With only two measures the clients do not have sufficient leeway to express their opinions. C)With only two measures and no control group, almost none of the threats to internal validity are controlled. D)With no control group, there is not enough variability in the experimental group to see an effect. 15)Which of the following is NOT a method of control in program evaluations? A)Selecting appropriate dependent measures. B)Minimizing bias in dependent measures. C)Selecting appropriate hypotheses. D)Control through research design. 16)In order to check the effects of potential biases in program evaluations, the evaluator should use A)one well-standardized questionnaire. B)many different data sources, at least some of which are objective. C)observations of neutral observers and not ask the opinions of staff and clients. D)observations of staff only, since they are trained to evaluate the problems of their clients. 17)Although ________ do NOT indicate the actual effectiveness of a program, they are factors that can influence future effectiveness. A)dependent measures B)unobtrusive measures C)measures of satisfaction D)statistical tests 18)Measurement bias is likely to occur in program evaluation research when A)researchers use objective rather than subjective measures. B)several different dependent measures are used. C)people other than administrators of the program collect the data. D)the data are collected by the same people who run the program. 19)Which of the following was NOT mentioned in the text as one of the major designs in program evaluation research? A)The status survey. B)A randomized control-group design. C)A single-group, time-series design. D)A pretest-posttest design. 20)Which of the following is NOT an example of a typical dependent measure in program evaluation? A)A questionnaire given to people served by the program, as well as people in the community, asking about their satisfaction with the program. B)A measure of politician’s commitment to continued funding of the program. C)A measure of actual change in the community (e.g., rate of unemployment for a community with a job training program). D)A measure of change in the individual (e.g., a measure of malnutrition for people who receive food stamps). 21)More than any other kind of research project, ________ requires a researcher to have excellent political and communication skills. A)laboratory research B)survey research C)educational research D)program evaluation 22)What is the primary problem researchers face in program evaluation? A)Once the evaluation has been completed, recommendations are seldom followed. B)Program evaluation is usually begun before a program starts and before the minor details of the program can be worked out. C)Program evaluation is looked down upon by many administrators and politicians. D)Program evaluation involves attempting high-constraint research in low-constraint naturalistic settings. 23)More than any other kind of research project, program evaluation requires A)control of possible confounding variables. B)political and communication skills on the part of the researcher. C)careful analyses of statistical data. D)representativeness of samples. Â