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40) Gibson Products produces cast bronze valves for use in offshore oil platforms. Currently, Gibson produces 1600 valves per day. The 20 workers at Gibson work from 7 a.m. until 4 p.m., with 30 minutes off for lunch and a 15 minute break during the morning work session and another at the afternoon work session. Gibson is in a competitive industry, and needs to increase productivity to stay competitive. They feel that a 20 percent increase is needed. a.Calculate labor productivity for the initial situation b.Calculate labor productivity for the hypothetical 20 percent increase c.What is the productivity after the change in work rules? d.Write a short paragraph analyzing these results. 41) A local university is considering changes to its class structure in an effort to increase professor productivity. The old schedule had each professor teaching 5 classes per week, with each class meeting an hour per day on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. Each class contained 20 students. The new schedule has each professor teaching only 3 classes, but each class meets daily (Mon.-Fri.) for an hour. New classes contain 50 students. a.Calculate the labor productivity for the initial situation (students/hour). b.Calculate the labor productivity for the schedule change (students/hour). c.Are there any ethical considerations that should be accounted for? d.Suppose that each teacher also is required to have 2 hours of Office Hours each day he/she taught class. Is the schedule change a productivity increase? 42) A grocery chain is considering the installation of a set of 4 self-checkout lanes. The new self-checkout lane setup will replace 2 old cashier lanes that were staffed by a cashier and bagger on each lane. One cashier mans all 4 self-checkouts (answering questions, checking for un-scanned items, taking coupons, etc). Checkout on the new lanes takes 2 minutes (customers bag their own orders) while checkout with the old lanes took only 45 seconds. In addition the electricity costs for both setups are $0.05 per checkout while bagging (material) costs are $0.10 per checkout with the old system and $0.15 for the new system. The new lanes also require $100 in capital costs. Assume that the lanes are always in use for 8 hours per day (1 shift) and that a worker makes $10/hour. (a)How many checkouts did the old system provide in a shift? (b)How many checkouts does the new system provide? (c)What is the multifactor productivity for each system?