SOLVED

28) Which of the following is the clearest example of troubled youth? a. gang members b. substance abusers c. young offenders d. street youth e. violent youth 29) How is youth crime portrayed in the media? a. it is overrepresented b. it is presented as a new problem for society c. it is linked with certain ethnic groups d. it is linked with certain socioeconomic classes e. youth crime is overrepresented, is presented as a new problem, is linked with certain ethnic groups, and is linked with certain socioeconomic classes within media portrayals 30) Why did youth crime rates, as measured by official statistics, increase between 1962 and 1990? a. more youth were brought into the criminal justice system due to changes in policing practices b. more youth were brought into the criminal justice system due to changes in administrative practices c. more youth were brought into the criminal justice system due to changes in legislation d. more youth were brought into the criminal justice system due to greater public pressure to control youth crime e. all of the processes listed above are possible reasons for the increase in youth crime rates between 1962 and 1990 31) For which of the following types of crime are people under the age of 18 the primary offenders? a. homicide b. motor vehicle theft c. break and enter d. Assault e. people under the age of 18 are not the primary offenders for any type of crime 32) Which of the following is not one of the elements of a moral panic? a. Volatility b. Disproportionality c. heightened concern d. hostility directed at society by the offending group e. consensus regarding the level of perceived threat 33) Which approach to parenting is the least likely to be associated with youth crime? a. high levels of parental control b. low levels of affection or nurturance c. moderate levels of parental control d. high levels of permissiveness e. low levels of parental control 34) Neema lives in a single parent home. Her mother’s parenting style includes moderate levels of control, moderate levels of supervision, clearly explained rules and consequences, and a willingness to listen to Neema’s point of view. Which of the following outcomes is most likely, considering the research that has been done on parenting style? a. Neema is likely to be vulnerable to negative peer influences b. Neema is likely to do poorly in school c. Neema is likely to avoid criminal behavior d. Neema is likely to have low self-esteem e. Neema is likely to have low levels of internalized self-control when away from her mother’s direct supervision 35) There are various characteristics of family life that are seen to influence the development of delinquent behaviour in children. Which of the following links is the weakest, according to research? a. Supervision b. parental control c. emotional ties between parent and child d. parenting style e. single motherhood 36) Which of the following statements about parent-peer influence is true? a. the single most effective predictor of youth criminal activity is criminal activity among peers b. negative peer influence tends to cancel out any positive impact from effective parenting styles c. effective parenting reduces the likelihood of youth associating with criminal peers d. effective parenting reduces the influence of criminally-involved peers on youth e. although the single most effective predictor of youth criminal activity is criminal activity among peers, effective parenting both reduces the likelihood of associating with criminal peers and reduces the influence that criminal peers have 37) According to data from the Canadian version of the International Youth Survey, which of the following factors is associated with youth violent crime, but not youth property crime? a. skipping school b. having been discriminated against on the basis of language, race, or religion c. having been stolen from d. perceiving the school environment as unsafe e. peer acceptance of illegal acts