281. According to information processing theory, list the three basic processes whose improvement opens the door for more sophisticated problem-solving by middle to older adolescents? 282. List two universal tasks of adolescence. (and according to Elkind the “conquest of thoughtâ€) 283. According to Elkind’s theory of adolescent egocentrism, what are the two types of egocentric thinking that develop after middle childhood? 284. If 16-year-old Dee Ann experiments with alcohol, drugs, and unprotected sex and does not believe she will become addicted to alcohol or drugs or become pregnant or contract a sexually-transmitted disease, she is exhibiting which type of adolescent egocentric thinking? 285. According to Erikson, adolescents are in which stage of psychosocial development? 286. Which two of Marcia’s identity classifications were considered undesirable and why? 287. Adolescents integrate their multiple self-concepts into a consistent sense of self starting around what age? 288. When asked to talk about what makes someone a friend, adolescents are more likely than younger children to mention what aspects of friendship? 289. How does having different groups of friends for different activities and keeping these groups separate help teenagers in their future lives in the adult world?  290. List and define four examples of crowds that are often found in today’s high schools. 291. Describe the technique that Lawrence Kohlberg used to study moral reasoning. 292. Explain how parents can encourage higher levels of moral reasoning in their children. 293. Fourteen-year-old Jarrod is supposed to wear his school’s tiger t-shirt today for the pep rally. He asks his mother where it is. After helping him search his room, they find it dirty, under Jarrod’s bed. Jarrod has to wear a regular shirt to school that day. As his mother is driving him to school, he complains that if she did the laundry the way she was supposed to, he would have his tiger shirt today and would not be embarrassed at the pep rally. Jarrod’s remark was rude, inappropriate, ignored his own responsibility, and assumed his right to limitless help from his mother. Why do teenagers, like Jarrod, make such remarks?