SOLVED

161) Authoritarian parents are ________ disciplinarians and they are ________ with punishment. a. strict; slow b. strict; quick c. lenient; slow d. lenient; quick 162) The Carmichaels do not believe in punishing their children; instead they shape their children’s behaviours by praising them and showering them with affection. This parenting style most closely resembles a. authoritarian parenting. b. authoritative parenting. c. permissive parenting. d. uninvolved parenting. 163) Elementary school teachers from China would likely employ a(n)________ style of teaching. a. permissive b. uninvolved c. authoritative d. authoritarian 164) Which of the following parenting styles is associated with the most favourable outcomes for children? a. Authoritative b. Permissive c. Authoritarian d. Uninvolved 165) Which of the following is true regarding parenting research? a. Fathers spend more time with their babies on average than do mothers. b. Children tend to select mothers over fathers as playmates. c. Fathers display similar levels of affection toward their babies as do mothers. d. Children of single fathers do just as well on measures of well-being as do children of single mothers. 166) When parents experience only mild conflict before a divorce, the seeming effects of divorce on children are _____________than when parents experience intense conflict before a divorce. a. less severe b. more severe c. minimal d. negligible 167) Sandra is 4-years old and has been left alone in a room with a plate of cookies and a bell. Sandra was instructed by Dr. Mischel that if she could wait 15 minutes, she could get an even bigger reward, like two cookies, but if she could not wait she was to ring the bell to summon the experimenter. Sandra was able to wait for the bigger reward across several trials. What does this predict about Sandra’s behaviour as an adolescent? a. Although she is able to delay gratification now, she will experience a rebound effect and engage in frequent impulsive behaviour in her teenage years. b. Sandra has a calm temperament but restrained individuals who constantly delay their gratification tend to explode violently as adults. c. Sandra will likely have a superior ability to cope with stress and frustration in adolescence and not engage in as much impulsive and reckless behaviours as other teenagers. d. Although Sandra displays early self-control, these behaviours are unrelated to her behaviour in adolescence. 168) Research investigating the causes of gender differences in behaviour suggests that a. during infancy there are no gender differences between the toy preferences of boys and girls. b. females exposed to excessive levels of testosterone during birth tend to dislike rough and tumble play. c. no gender differences have been found between the toy preferences of male and female monkeys. d. females exposed to excessive levels of testosterone during birth tend to enjoy rough and tumble play. 169) Melissa identifies herself as a female; however she tends to act like a “tomboy” hanging out with mostly males and playing hockey and football. Which of the following is TRUE with respect to this example? a. Melissa’s gender identity is male. b. Melissa is likely experiencing transsexualism but is unaware of her gender identity. c. Melissa is experiencing sex segregation in her biological and social roles. d. Melissa’s gender role is associated with masculine behaviours. 170) According to Erikson, which of the following is true? a. In most cases psychosocial crises go unresolved with no detrimental effects on social development. b. In most cases psychosocial crises are unsuccessfully resolved, leading to detrimental effects on social development. c. Unsuccessful resolution of a crisis has no effect on whether a future crisis will be successfully resolved. d. Unsuccessful resolution of a crisis decreases the likelihood that a future crisis will be successfully resolved.