SOLVED

111) Piaget acknowledged that some children progressed more in one cognitive domain than another, a phenomenon he called _____________. a. cross-stage progression b. perioperational c. horizontal décalage d. multimodal cognition 112) Nathan is trying to construct a pendulum to figure out what makes a pendulum swing faster or slower. At his current stage of cognitive development, he is unable to successfully construct this himself, but is receptive to learning the skill with the assistance of others. According to Vygotsky, what developmental stage is Nathan at? a. Scaffolding b. Concrete operations c. Formal operations d. Zone of proximal development 113) According to Vygotsky, cognitive development results from a. genetics. b. biological maturation. c. innate intelligence. d. scaffolding. 114) Whereas Piaget saw cognitive development as a result of individual discovery and a child’s interaction with objects, Vygotsky attributed cognitive development to a. biological changes in the brain. b. unconscious factors. c. interaction between a child and skilled people. d. completing activities in isolation. 115) According to Vygotsky, which of these is a key factor in a child’s cognitive development? a. Balanced diet b. Social interactions c. Genetic endowment d. Successful resolution of psychosocial crises 116) Which of the following statements is representative of Vygotsky’s approach to learning? a. One’s course of cognitive development can be significantly influenced by instructional style and scaffolding. b. All children pass through the same cognitive developmental stages at similar points in time. c. One’s course of cognitive development is genetically fixed and cannot be significantly influenced by social factors. d. To prevent frustration, children should be presented with tasks that they can fully complete unaided. 117) As compared to Piaget’s theory, Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development best explains how a child learns to a. stand upright for the first time. b. speak for the first time. c. crawl for the first time. d. cross a street safely for the first time. 118) Most contemporary theories of cognitive development differ from both Piaget and Vygotsky as they argue that learning is a. dependent on personality factors. b. gradual rather than stagelike. c. based on general domains rather than modules. d. dependent on innate knowledge not social interaction. 119) Which is true concerning research related to the “Mozart Effect”? a. No evidence exists supporting the claims that exposure to classical music improves cognitive functioning. b. Currently the market for classical music videos and toys has dropped off. c. Weak evidence exists supporting the claims that exposure to classical music improves cognitive functioning. d. Strong evidence exists supporting the claims that exposure to classical music improves cognitive functioning. 120) Which of the following is not one of the flags of critical thinking that is related to the Mozart Effect? a. Occam’s razor b. Ruling out rival hypotheses c. Falsifiability d. Replicability