SOLVED

41 Darwin’s idea of “survival of the fittest” is also referred to as the theory of: a. natural selection b. social learning c. social success d. biological change 42. In order to explain how human ancestors moved from living in trees to walking upright, Mary talks about “the survival of the fittest.”  Another term of this same idea is: a. generational drift b. natural selection c. neuroscience d. the origin of species 43. Which of the following statements comes closest to describing the principle central to Darwin’s idea of natural selection? a. Individuals within a species vary, and those with the best adapted characteristics survive to reproduce, thereby passing their genes to future generations. b. Nature selects the particular individuals that have the best characteristics and these individuals are allowed to interbreed with each other, thereby creating the strongest offspring. c. People prefer to mate with the most attractive members of the opposite sex, selecting their mates according to natural factors related to physical attractiveness. d. Humans evolved from the apes. 44. The main ideas that define the evolutionary perspective can be traced most directly to the writings of which of the following people? a. Charles Darwin b. Lev Vygotsky c Carl Rogers d. Urie Bronfenbrenner 45. According to Freud, the part of the human mind that is concerned with following the rules of society and that may experience feelings of guilt when one violates social norms is called the: a. id b. ego c. superego d. libido 46. Sam was going to steal candy from a store but feelings of guilt kept him from doing so. According to Freud, Sam’s internalized sense of right and wrong and his feelings of guilt comes from his: a. id b. ego c. superego d. psychic censor 47. Freud viewed this part of the mind as the mediator, resolving conflicts between one’s impulses and one’s ideas about right and wrong. a. id b. ego c. superego d. mediating region 48. Freud viewed this part of the mind as involving a person’s impulsive tendencies, particularly the search for pleasure and the avoidance of pain. a. id b. ego c. superego d. pleasure center 49. The research method used most frequently by Sigmund Freud was: a. the experiment b. sequential-cohort study c. cross-sectional study d. case study 50. What is the correct developmental sequence of Sigmund Freud’s psychosexual stages? a. oral, genital, anal, latency, phallic b. oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital c. genital, phallic, latency, anal, oral d. oral, latency, phallic, anal, genital