SOLVED

81) Which of the following is not one of the three major features that affect people’s likelihood of developing PTSD? a. Severity of the trauma b. Coping skills preceding trauma c. Duration of the trauma d. Nearness to the stressor 82) Which of the following events produce the highest risk of developing PTSD? a. Major natural disasters and combat experiences b. Combat experiences and plane crashes c. Mass shooting and major natural disasters d. Combat experiences and sexual assault 83) Which of the following events produce the highest percentage of people who will develop acute stress disorder? a. Violent assault b. Vehicle accident c. Mass shooting d. Typhoon 84) The most common response to traumatic events is a. anxiety. b. resilience. c. depression. d. PTSD. 85) The field of ______ studies the effects of psychological factors such as stress, emotions, thinking, and behaviour on the immune system. a. psychoneuroimmunology b. health psychology c. interactive psychology d. organic medicine 86) People living under stressful conditions tend to get sick more often than they would otherwise. How do researchers in psychoneuroimmunology explain this phenomenon? a. The stress response reduces immune system functioning, thus making us more vulnerable to diseases. b. The stress response in the long run leads to a lowering of the heart rate, which makes the heart inefficient. c. The stress response makes muscles stronger, which places a greater burden on the heart and respiratory systems. d. The body tends to adapt to the constant call for the stress response and, thus, future responses are not as strong as before. 87) Research on the effects of stress on the immune system suggests which of the following? a. The immune system is not affected by stress. b. Only certain types of stressors affect the immune system. c. Suppression of immune system functioning by stress always ends immediately after the stressful period ends. d. Suppression of immune system functioning by stress can apparently continue even after the stress itself is over. 88) Which of the following statements best encapsulates the relationship between stress and physical illness according to psychoneuroimmunologists? a. Stress compromises the body’s immune system, leaving a person vulnerable to illness. b. Stress increases the production of natural killer cells, which causes cell death and leads to illness. c. Stress causes high blood pressure, heart disease, and cancer. d. Stress has no direct relationship to physical illness, though physicians tell us that these things are related so that we will be more willing to take unnecessary medications. 89) The purpose of the ________ is to protect the body against the invasion of bacteria, viruses, or other illness-producing organisms. a. immune system b. phagocytes c. antigens d. lymphocytes 90) The body’s first shield from foreign invaders is a. antigens. b. white blood cells. c. the skin. d. pathogens.