SOLVED

21) Tommy Tackle, the coach at Coastal Mountain High School, is designing a training program for the track team. He knows that exercises A, B, and C are recommended, but is not sure which order he should have his team members train in (i.e., A, B, C, or C, A, B, etc.). What type of experimental design would he use to test the relative effectiveness of the different training sequences? A) One-group pretest, post-test B) Solomon four-group design C) Latin square design D) Classical experiment design E) Post-test only design 22) Which of the following is least suited to providing clear evidence about a causal relationship between two variables? A) Classical experimental design B) Solomon four-group design C) Post-test only control group design D) One-shot case study E) All of the above are equally effective Researcher Zoe Zednick wanted to test the effectiveness of a new four-hour anger management treatment session at the Prairie County social work agency. She first assembled 24 clients who had been referred for anger management in March and divided them randomly into two groups of 12 clients each. One group was assigned to the new four-hour anger management session while the other group went to a traditional anger management session. Each group was given an intake assessment that measured anger management skills. After clients finished the sessions, Zednick measured the level of anger management skills for all subjects in both groups. 23)  What experimental design did she use? A) Classical experiment B) One-shot case study C) Time series D) Static group comparison E) One group pretest-post-test Researcher Zoe Zednick wanted to test the effectiveness of a new four-hour anger management treatment session at the Prairie County social work agency. She first assembled 24 clients who had been referred for anger management in March and divided them randomly into two groups of 12 clients each. One group was assigned to the new four-hour anger management session while the other group went to a traditional anger management session. Each group was given an intake assessment that measured anger management skills. After clients finished the sessions, Zednick measured the level of anger management skills for all subjects in both groups. 24) During the course of her experiment, Zednick learned that 7 of the 12 clients in her new four-hour session had quit and walked out of the session before it was completed. What type of threat to internal validity does her experiment have? A) Selection bias B) History effect C) Experimental mortality D) Maturation E) Testing effect 25) What term best describes the following experimental design notation? 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 A) Classical experiment B) Solomon four-group C) Interrupted time series D) Equivalent time series E) Two-group post-test only 26) The Solomon Four-Group Design combines which two other designs? A) Case study and two-group post-test only B) Classical experimental and equivalent time series C) One-group pretest-post-test and static group comparison D) Classical experimental and two-group post-test only E) Classical experimental design and static group comparison 27) Interaction effects occur when A) there is an imbalance in the experimental and control group at the beginning of an experiment during the pretest. B) there is experimenter expectancy and there is a diffusion of the treatment at the same time. C) external validity and reactivity cannot be controlled by a double-blind experimental design. D) in a factorial design, the impact of two variables operating in combination is greater than each of them added together. E) instrumental effects cause history effects to get large and ruin the post-test. 28) An experimenter uses a “3 x 3” design. To what exactly do the numbers refer? A) A factorial design with three independent variables and three dependent variables B) A time series design with three dependent variables and three observations C) A Latin square design with three groups D) A factorial design with two categories in one treatment and three in the other E) A static group comparison design with nine dependent variables 29) The manager of Human Resources at Boomtown Manufacturing Co. wanted to see whether a flex-time program would improve worker morale. He randomly assigned employees to two groups. He measured each group’s job satisfaction and then gave one group flexible working hours while the other group remained on fixed working hours. After six months, he again measured the degree of job satisfaction for both groups. During the six-month period, the board of directors granted all workers a six percent raise to quiet complaints. During the manager’s analysis, he found that all of the experimental group subjects happened to be office employees and all control group people happened to be factory employees. In addition, a high turnover rate meant that only half of the factory workers who began the experiment were still with the firm six months later. He found that the experimental group had higher job satisfaction. Which of the following threats to internal validity did not occur during the experiment? A) History effect B) Selection bias C) Mortality D) Statistical regression E) Hawthorne effect 30) Graduate student Fanny Feisty designed and produced a 30-second radio commercial for Reliable Randy’s Used Cars. Next, she had the three most widely listened to local radio stations air the commercial 15 times a day for two weeks. She waited until the end of the two-week period and then called Randy to check on his recent sales. What experimental design did she use? A) Classical experiment B) One-shot case study C) Time series D) Static group comparison E) One group pretest-post-test Teachers Jack Black and Shannon Shack want to increase the percentage of high school freshmen who pass an algebra exam (dependent variable). They conduct experiments on five sets of classes (named A to E) in Toronto area schools. They randomly assign students and give a pretest in September followed by a post-test the following January. The treatment is teaching method. The experimental groups are taught with special in-class demonstrations and pictorial games-quizzes on computers, but no homework assignments, textbooks, or tests. The control groups are taught in the traditional manner with a textbook, homework, formulas on the blackboard, and tests.