SOLVED

31) ________ research consists of new evaluations of existing information collected by other researchers. a. Primary b. Secondary c. Pure d. Applied e. Descriptive 32) Criminologists such as Gennaro F. Vito and Ronald M. Holmes have stated that criminology can be defined as “the study of the causes of crime.” Both these criminologists can be said to reflect the ________ definition of criminology. a. disciplinary b. policy c. causative d. restorative e. scientific 33) The ethical requirement of social scientific research that research subjects be informed as to the nature of the research about to be conducted, their anticipated role in it, and the uses to which the data they provide will be put is known as ________. a. data confidentiality b. informed consent c. self-report d. participant observation e. case study 34) A rival explanation, or competing hypothesis, that is a threat to the internal or external validity of a research design is known as a ________________. a. Research designs b. Tests of significance c. Hypotheses d. Confounding effect e. Controlled experiments 35) Which of the following statements about deviance and crime is/are true? a. All deviant behaviour is criminal. b. All criminal behaviour is deviant. c. Deviance and criminal behaviour are identical. d. Deviance and criminal behaviour overlap. e. Deviance and criminal behaviour do not overlap at all. 36) ____________ is a research method whereby a research investigation of subjects occurs in order to record and report their behaviours. a. Descriptive statistics b. Quasi-experimental designs c. Qualitative methods d. Self-reporting e. Case studies 37) Contemporary criminologists generally recognize that their field is ________. a. narrowly defined b. interdisciplinary c. isolated d. limited e. all-inclusive 38) ____________ is human activity that violates social norms. a. Criminality b. Cruelty c. Socialization d. Deviant behaviour e. Delinquency 39) Within the Canadian setting, the _____________ perspective of criminal behaviour has generally influenced crime-prevention policy. a. social problems b. social context c. social responsibility d. individual problems e. individual context 40) A(n) ________ consists of a set of interrelated propositions that provide a relatively complete form of understanding. a. concept b. variable c. theory d. hypothesis e. research designÂ