SOLVED

131) Which ethical requirement of research was not present in the Tuskegee experiment, where nearly 400 African-American men were exposed to syphilis and denied treatment for its symptoms? a. Informed consent b. Anonymity c. Confidentiality d. All of the above 132) What is the purpose of an institutional review board? a. To hinder the research process by placing unnecessary hurdles in the way of researchers. b. To help protect the rights and dignity of the research participants. c. To encourage the use of deception in medical and psychological research with humans. d. To help protect the university from lawsuits from unhappy research participants. 133) The use of deception is justified by ethics review boards in all of the following circumstances except when a. researchers could not have performed the study without deception. b. the research does not involve a medical or therapeutic intervention. c. participants might not agree to participate unless deception is used. d. the use of deception does not negatively impact the rights of the participant. 134) Following the completion of a study, researchers use a process called _______________ to inform their participants what the study was about and explain the hypotheses in nontechnical language. a. informed consent b. debriefing c. experimenter expectancy d. ethical review 135) Psychological researchers must often carefully weigh the potential scientific benefits of their research against a. insurance costs. b. the potential danger to participants. c. long-term goals of society. d. short-term goals of society. 136) Which of the following is not a criticism that animal rights activists have about conducting animal research? a. Animal studies have limited external validity. b. The benefits of animal research do not outweigh the costs of harming animals. c. Ethical review is substandard and is not concerned with treating animals humanely. d. Animal research should not be used to answer questions concerning human functioning. 137) What is the authors’ position on the use of animal research in psychology? a. All animal research must be ended as soon as is possible. b. It is more desirable to harm animals than to harm humans in the research process. c. Results from animal research cannot inform us of how the same phenomenon occur with humans. d. Animal research provides important insights but also comes with costs in terms of death and suffering of these subjects. 138) The application of mathematics to describing and analyzing data is called a. statistics. b. significance. c. central tendency. d. dispersion. 139) A university president asks her psychology department chair if the university has more male or more female undergraduate psychology majors. What measure of central tendency is she asking about? a. Range b. Mode c. Median d. Mean 140) A British literature instructor examines the number of class periods his students have missed by mid-terms and has the following data: 1, 0, 10, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 5, 2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 1. What is the median for this data set? a. 2.5 b. 0 c. 1.68 d. 1