SOLVED

41. The number of possible cell divisions is related to the length of the tip of the chromosome known as the a. acrosome. b. telomere. c. mesoderm. d. polymere. 42. Which of the following is FALSE regarding telomeres? a. Once a cell’s telomeres reach a critically short length, that cell can no longer divide. b. Cancer cells have an enzyme that produces more telomeres, allowing them to keep dividing past the usual limit. c. Telomere shortening is involved in maladies of age, such as vascular disease and thinning of the bones. d. The number of cell divisions that occurs before a cell dies is called the Hayflick limit. 43. _________ theories focus on the gradual accumulation of biological damage that occurs over the life span. a. Immunological theories of aging b. Genetic theories of aging c. Random or accidental events theories of aging d. Programmed aging theories 44. Which of the following theories would be considered aging as due to random or accident events? a. endocrine theory b. genetic theory c. cross-linkage theory d. immunological theory 45. Which of the following theories would be considered aging as due to random or accident events? a. endocrine theory b. genetic theory c. free radical theory d. immunological theory 46. According to the DNA damage theory, ________ damage(s) the DNA until cells no longer divide properly. a. mutations and radiation b. telomere shortening c. free radicals d. antibodies 47. The ________ theory focuses on the bonds that develop over time between parts of the same molecule or between molecules. a. free radical b. Hayflick c. cross-linkage d. telomere 48. According to the ________ theory, some proteins, such as collagen, develop more bonds over time, making tissue less soft and pliable. a. free radical b. Hayflick c. cross-linkage d. telomere 49. ________ are atoms or molecules that lose an electron, which makes them highly reactive because they try to replace the missing electron by “stealing” from nearby molecules, causing harm to cells in the body. a. Free radicals b. Telomeres c. Cross-links d. Hayflick atoms 50. Much of the daily assault on your body from free radicals is mopped up by __________ that safely provide the missing electrons. a. HDLs and LDLs b. telomeres c. lipids and nucleic acids d. antioxidant chemicals and proteins