SOLVED

1) What is one take-home message from the discussion of autism and facilitated communication? a. The scientific method is not an effective means for finding solutions for persons who live with autism and other psychological disorders. b. Even in the face of overwhelming evidence, some people won’t abandon their erroneous beliefs. c. Autistic children want to communicate with their parents but need someone to facilitate the process. d. Psychological research is dangerous because it allows anyone to find support for any idea or opinion. 2) The discussion on the topic of facilitated communication demonstrated the importance of a. parsimonious theories. b. developing falsifiable hypotheses. c. replication of earlier research findings. d. ruling out rival hypotheses. 3) The general finding that a person’s ideas and cognitions can influence their movements is called a. the ideomotor effect. b. cognitive behaviourism. c. facilitated communication. d. the motivation-action effect. 4) Sahar attended a workshop on how crystals have healing power, can eliminate “blood sludge”, and cure mental illness. The workshop facilitator presented clinical observations of several patients to demonstrate the effectiveness of crystals. What should Sahar keep in mind as she evaluates the information she learned in this workshop? a. In the absence of systematic research, clinical observations are not sufficient evidence for their effectiveness. b. Clinical observations are a powerful source of evidence and demonstrate treatment effectiveness. c. Patient’s own reports that crystals cured their cancer or depression provide empirical evidence of their effectiveness. d. The workshop facilitator appears to be a credible source so his claims must be true. 5) What is the surgical procedure that severs fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus? a. Frontalization. b. The Moniz procedure. c. Prefrontal lobotomy. d. Electroconvulsive therapy. 6) Once controlled research studies were conducted on the effectiveness of prefrontal lobotomies, they were discovered to be a. universally effective. b. sometimes effective, sometimes not. c. virtually useless. d. slightly effective. 7) When a psychologist is discussing a heuristic, he or she is referring to a. biased information processing strategies. b. mental techniques to improve memory recall. c. mental techniques to increase deliberation in our decision making. d. mental decision-making strategies. 8) _______ are a great way, in the case of real-world or social processes, to save time and effort at the expense of some accuracy. a. Statistics b. Prototypes c. Algorithms d. Heuristics 9) Dr. Fortner is discussing cognitive psychology with his introductory psychology class and says that we act as cognitive misers when making judgments about others or making decisions. What does Dr. Fortner mean with this statement? a. We will use heuristics only as long as they give us the correct answer. b. We value accuracy in our judgments and decisions. c. We value simplicity in understanding our social world. d. We are frequently incorrect in our judgments and decision making. 10) A key idea that emerged from Kahneman and Tversky’s research is that people often behave a. irrationally. b. in an unbiased fashion. c. rationally. d. logically and reasonably.