SOLVED

11) Some parents of children with autism strongly believe that vaccines cause autism. They claim that the child was perfectly normal until the child received vaccines. Which is the best evaluation of these claims, from a psychological science perspective? a. These parents are probably right. Psychological research strongly suggests that the world is exactly as we see it. b. These parents are probably right. Psychological research strongly suggests that everyday intuition is almost always correct. c. Although these parents may be right, a greater number of parents would have to make this claim in order to validate that vaccines cause autism. d. Although these parents may be right, an illusory correlation could be responsible for the perceived link between vaccines and autism. 12) Research has shown that serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are useful in treating people with depression. Lately Jill has been having very negative thoughts and feelings about herself and was diagnosed with depression. Which of the following could be true? a. Jill’s negative thoughts and feelings are causing her serotonin levels to change. b. Jill has an inadequate level of serotonin which is causing her negative thoughts and feelings. c. Both A and B are possible. d. Neither A, B, nor C are possible. 13) An important point from the authors’ discussion on why people need to care about the dangers of pseudoscience is that a. harm rarely results from pseudoscientific beliefs or treatments. b. people are often quite accurate and unbiased in their day-to-day decision making. c. quackery and pseudoscience are especially easy to detect without exposure to critical thinking or skepticism. d. a lack of critical thinking may lead to poor decisions that affects one’s personal life, community, and/or their child’s schooling. 14) When a researcher tests his or her hypothesis, he or she is often hoping to gather information that is consistent with a particular theory. What, more specifically, allows a researcher to say that he or she has “proven” a theory? a. Any time a hypothesis is confirmed, a theory is automatically “proven.” b. Any time a hypothesis confirms one theory and simultaneously disconfirms all other known theories, a theory has been “proven.” c. Any time a hypothesis confirms one theory and simultaneously disconfirms at least one other theory, a theory has been “proven.” d. A researcher is never able to say that he or she has “proven” a theory. 15) Correlational research designs are NOT appropriate for purposes of a. prediction. b. description. c. causation. d. any of the above. 16) The only research design that allows one to make cause-and-effect inferences is the ________ design. a. case study b. naturalistic observation c. experimental d. correlational 17) The most important factor to ensure that one’s results apply to other people in other settings is to use a. random assignment. b. extremely large sample sizes. c. random selection. d. extremely small sample sizes. 18) The term statistical significance implies that the results are a. extremely meaningful. b. not likely due to chance. c. valid. d. important. 19) The ________ gland is known as the master gland because it controls the other glands in the body. a. pituitary b. pineal c. thyroid d. adrenal 20) Mobombi had completed about a quarter of the distance in the marathon in which he was a participant. Suddenly, he stumbled and fell. Despite feeling a sharp pain initially, he got up and continued to run until he completed the race. Upon crossing the finish line, he fell down writhing in pain. When checked out, it was discovered that Mobombi had broken his leg. He was able to run the remainder of the marathon relatively pain-free due to the release of a. endorphins. b. monoamines. c. neuropeptides. d. amino acids.