SOLVED

12.1 Conducting Field Research 1)Naturalistic observation and case-study research allow us to A)identify contingencies. B)prove causality. C)manipulate the independent variable D)rule out alternative hypotheses. 2)Which of the following does NOT apply to conducting experimental research in natural settings? A)We often cannot obtain enough participants for the creation of experimental and control groups. B)We cannot test the external validity of causal conclusions arrived at in the laboratory. C)Random assignment is often impossible. D)Manipulation of independent variables is usually difficult, if not impossible. 3)Which of the following is NOT a type of field research? A)Field experiments. B)Program evaluation. C)Survey. D)Stimulus-response studies. 4)Which statement is most accurate? A)Research in natural settings is limited to low-constraint methods. B)Experimental research cannot be carried out in natural settings. C)Field research can be carried out at all levels of constraint. D)Field research is limited to behavioural observations. 5)Why is naturalistic research NOT useful in answering causal questions? A)The participants are not representative of a population. B)There is no observational variable. C)Naturalistic research does not seek relationships among variables. D)It does not rule out alternative hypotheses. 6)Which of the following is most likely to be studied in a naturalistic setting A)the evaluation of the effectiveness of a new tutoring program at the University of Nebraska. B)the effect of Thorazine (an anti-psychotic medication) on non-psychotic individuals. C)the effects of alcohol on the mathematical ability of college freshman. D)the type of neurotransmitter released during stress. 7)Which of the following is NOT an example of field research? A)An evaluation of the effectiveness of public health programs. B)An evaluation of the effects of natural disasters. C)An evaluation of employee reaction to new work conditions. D)An evaluation of fear. 8)What is the main reason naturalistic observation cannot easily answer questions about causality? A)Reliable measures cannot be obtained in natural settings. B)Valid measures cannot be obtained in natural settings. C)Independent variables cannot be manipulated and alternative explanations are not ruled out. D)Measures taken in naturalisitc settings are not generalizable. 9)It is generally easier to obtain ________ validity in experimental research in laboratories and ________ validity in experimental research in naturalistic settings. A)internal; external B)external; internal C)construct; content D)content; construct 10)Experimental research conducted in the laboratory allows us to test hypotheses under conditions designed A)to increase the likelihood of publication. B)to maximize external validity. C)to maximize internal validity. D)