SOLVED

171) A group of psychologists reviews the literature on the heritability of intelligence. They conclude that most of the estimates indicate that about _______ percent of intelligence is due to genetics. a. 20 b. 30 c. 50 d. 80 172) Which of the following groups of children is most likely to have the most similar IQ scores? a. Identical twins reared apart b. Same-sex fraternal twins c. Siblings reared together d. Identical twins reared together 173) Which of the following reduces the value of twin studies as evidence for the role of heredity in determining IQ? a. Children tend to be adopted by people who are fairly similar to their natural parents. b. There have been so many studies of pairs of identical twins who were separated at birth that the results are unclear. c. Identical twins do not share the same prenatal environment. d. Identical twins who were not reared together usually have very different IQ scores. 174) Which of the following statements about heredity and intelligence is true? a. Similarities in intelligence between identical twins who were separated at birth and raised in different houses must be due to heredity. b. Differences in intelligence between identical twins must be due to differences in their environments. c. If identical twins are separated at birth and raised in different homes, yet still have similar intelligence scores, the similarity in their scores must be due to hereditary influences. d. Prenatal influences have little, if any, influence on intelligence and need not be taken into account when studying environmental influences. 175) When we consider intelligence, it is important to remember that although _______ sets limits on a child’s potential, it is the _______ that permits that potential to be actualized. a. learning; opportunity b. opportunity; learning c. heredity; environment d. environment; heredity 176) Identical twins have IQ correlations around .7, whereas fraternal twins have IQ correlations of about .3. What do these correlations suggest? a. Identical twins have very similar IQs while fraternal twins do not. b. Neither identical twins or fraternal twins have very similar IQs. c. Fraternal twins have very similar IQs while identical twins do not. d. Both identical twins and fraternal twins have similar IQs. 177) What is a major possible confound in adoption studies that could limit their conclusions? a. Children who are adopted may have other psychological disturbances that influence IQ. b. Adoptive children may have experienced lacking environments depending on time in foster care. c. Adopted children may have more enriched environments than their biological counterparts. d. Adoption agencies frequently place children in homes similar to those of the biological parents. 178) Which is true regarding correlational research that focuses on family size and IQ? a. Children from larger families report higher IQs than children from smaller families. b. Children from smaller families report higher IQs than children from larger families. c. Positive correlations between family size and IQ have mainly been found. d. The IQ correlations of children from large families are similar to the IQ correlations of children from small families. 179) Which of the following examples would be associated with the lowest IQ based on research concerning birth order and intelligence? a. Jon, the third oldest of 5 siblings. b. Martin, the youngest of 3 siblings. c. Sam, the oldest of 4 siblings. d. Carl, the youngest of 4 siblings. 180) Which statement reflects Arthur Jensen’s views concerning IQ and preschool enrichment programs? a. Preschool enrichment programs are likely to negatively affect children’s IQ scores. b. Preschool enrichment programs can significantly boost children’s IQ scores. c. Exceptional teaching strategies can boost children’s IQ scores. d. Preschool enrichment programs cannot appreciably boost children’s IQ scores.