SOLVED

31) A spinal-cord lesion may result in paralysis of both lower extremities. This condition is known as: A) Hemiplegia B) Hemiparesis C) Quadriplegia D) Paraplegia 32) When assessing an individual who has lost sensation below the umbilicus, at what level do you suspect injury? A) T-10 B) T-4 C) L-1 D) T-8 33) Which of the following statements most accurately compares or contrasts nerve-root injuries and spinal-cord injuries? A) A nerve-root injury affects one dermatome unilaterally; a spinal-cord injury affects one dermatome bilaterally. B) Nerve-root injuries affect one dermatome; spinal-cord injuries affect multiple dermatomes. C) A nerve-root injury affects multiple dermatomes unilaterally; a spinal-cord injury affects multiple dermatomes bilaterally. D) Nerve-root injuries affect multiple dermatomes; spinal-cord injuries affect one dermatome. 34) Which of the following best explains the presentation and prognosis of partial spinal-cord transection injuries? A) The areas of the spinal cord damaged by partial transection can regenerate as long as some cord tissue remains intact at the level of injury. B) Partial cord transections result in only temporary loss of function, because the intact portions of the spinal cord will take over the functions of the injured areas. C) Different functions of the spinal tracts are located in anatomically different areas of the spinal cord, resulting in specific patterns of dysfunction depending on the location and mechanism of injury. D) The spinal cord functions as an “all or none” conduit for nerve impulses. Therefore, whether cord transection is partial or complete has no practical significance. 35) Which of the following is a function of the sympathetic nervous system? A) Digestion B) Sexual functioning C) Constriction of the pupils D) Increased heart rate 36) All of the following are used in the sedation of patients for rapid sequence intubation except: A) Morphine B) Romazicon C) Etomidate D) Fentanyl 37) A patient unable to extend the leg or flex the hip is most likely to have incurred an injury in which nerve plexus? A) Cervical B) Lumbar C) Brachial D) Sacral 38) Which of the following is noted in the patient with a positive Babinski reflex? A) Fanning of the toes with plantar flexion of the great toe B) Dorsiflexion of the second to fifth toes with plantar flexion of the great toe C) Fanning of the toes with dorsiflexion of the great toe D) Plantar flexion of the second to fifth toes with dorsiflexion of the great toe 39) The cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem account for what percentage of the cranial volume? A) 60 percent B) 80 percent C) 50 percent D) 75 percent 40) A patient who had a spinal cord T-4 injury two years ago calls 911 for a pounding headache, blurred vision, and flushing. On arrival her vital signs include a blood pressure of 240/120 and pulse of 58. What is this condition called? A) Autonomic hyperreflexia syndrome B) Spinal shock C) Malignant hypertension D) Brown- Séquard s Syndrome 41) You are on the scene of a domestic assault in which the female victim defended herself against further attack by stabbing her attacker. Your patient is a 36-year-old male who has been stabbed in the posterior thorax about 1 centimeter to the right of the spinous process of T6. Your assessment reveals loss of motor and sensory function on the right side distal to T6 but intact motor function with some loss of sensation on the left side distal to T6. Which of the following best explains this patient’s presentation? A) “Pseudoneurological” deficit to avoid being arrested B) Brown- Séquard Syndrome C) Central cord syndrome D) Autonomic hyperreflexia 42) In a subdural hematoma the vessel most commonly involved is the: A) Superior sagittal sinus B) Inferior sagittal sinus C) Middle meningeal artery D) Superior meningeal artery 43) Concussion is a(n) ______ injury: A) Direct B) Indirect C) Diffuse D) Delayed 44) Which of the following mechanisms is involved in neurogenic shock? 1. Unopposed vasodilation 2. Loss of innervation to the adrenal medulla 3. Decreased preload 4. Unopposed sympathetic tone A) 1, 2, 3 B) 1, 3, 4 C) 1, 2, 3, 4 D) 1, 3 45) When providing fluid resuscitation for a one-year-old child with hypovolemia from a head injury, the goal is to maintain a systolic blood pressure of: A) 90 mmHg B) 85 mmHg C) 75 mmHg