SOLVED

21) This type of study has less validity than an RCT, but it has utility in some circumstances. The problem in this study design is that there is an increased chance that the study groups will be different. A) Cohort study B) Nonrandomized controlled trials C) Cross-sectional study D) Case series 22) The mean is especially useful when the data are what statisticians call “normally distributed.” This means: A) If you graphed the data, it would form a shape similar to a bell curve B) Values are placed into numerical order, and the middle value is determined C) The data falls within the “fiftieth percentile” D) The distribution of a group is how spread out it is, or how dispersed the data is 23) ______________ are very important in interpreting the value of the research results. A) Measures of central tendency B) Standard deviations C) Qualitative statistics D) Confidence intervals 24) This section of a research paper describes exactly how the authors conducted the study, including what population they wished to study, how subjects were selected (and excluded), and what intervention was performed: A) Introduction B) Discussion C) Methods D) Results 25) The ____________ section of a research paper is where the authors interpret their findings and describe their significance. A) Summary B) Results C) Methods D) Discussion 26) The first thing to appear after the title and names of the authors of a research paper is the: A) Introduction B) Summary C) Abstract D) Results 27) All of the following are questions to ask when reviewing a study, EXCEPT: A) Was the study type appropriate? B) Was the research peer-reviewed? C) Were the results reported properly? D) What control group were the researchers studying? 28) What type of confidence interval would be appropriate for a research study that is potentially going to change EMS practice? A) 80 B) 85 C) 90 D) 95 29) A ____________is undertaken first so you can find unforeseen obstacles to data gathering during participation in a research study. A) Null hypothesis B) Pilot trial C) Principal investigation D) Data analysis 30) Telling participants the inclusion and exclusion criteria for enrolling patients in the study, the effect of the study on patient care in general, and the risks and potential benefits to patients in the study helps: A) To gain informed consent B) To get EMS concessions C) To identify the PI