31.After examinees complete a math reasoning test, they are interviewed by researchers and asked what processes and strategies they engaged in when completing the test. Which type of validity evidence are these researchers collecting? a.Validity evidence based on consequences of testing b.Validity evidence based on test content c.Validity evidence based on relations to other variables d.Validity evidence based on response processes e.Validity evidence based on internal structure 32.Which type of validity evidence is most controversial and ignites considerable debate among the experts? a.Validity evidence based on consequences of testing b.Validity evidence based on test content c.Validity evidence based on relations to other variables d.Validity evidence based on response processes e.Validity evidence based on internal structure 33.Which type of validity evidence can best be strengthened by the use of a table of specifications? a.Validity evidence based on consequences of testing b.Validity evidence based on test content c.Validity evidence based on relations to other variables d.Validity evidence based on response processes e.Validity evidence based on internal structure 34.The __________ of a measure is the ability of the test at to determine accurately the absence of the disorder. a.correlation b.reliability c.sensitivity d.specificity 35._______________ is the most common approach to establishing the validity of academic achievement tests. a.Validity evidence based on consequences of testing b.Validity evidence based on test content c.Validity evidence based on relations to other variables d.Validity evidence based on response processes e.Validity evidence based on internal structure 36.When discriminant measures are used in validation studies, we expect _________. a.positive correlations b.negative correlations c.Indeterminate – it depends on the nature of relationship. 37.Using the scree plot below, how many factors should be retained? a.2 b.4 c.5 d.7 38.What is the relationship between the standard error of estimate and the validity coefficient? a.As the validity coefficient increases, so does the standard error of estimate. b.As the validity coefficient increases, the standard error of estimate decreases c.No relationship exists. d.A relationship exists only when the correlation is orthogonal. 39.Test-criterion validity evidence is an example of: a.validity evidence based on consequences of testing. b.validity evidence based on test content. c.validity evidence based on relations to other variables. d.validity evidence based on response processes. e.validity evidence based on internal structure. 40.In order to avoid __________ when collecting test-criterion evidence, it is important that predictor and criterion scores be obtained independently. a.construct underrepresentation b.criterion contamination c.construct-irrelevant variance d.criterion misrepresentation