31) Postdoctoral fellow Walter Waters used nonrandom sampling in his study of successful scientists. He knew most got excellent grades in high school and university, excelled in mathematics, and had a strong interest in science from a very young age. For his study, he was interested in sampling those who were successful as adult scientists but did poorly in high school, did average or worse in math classes, and showed little interest and aptitude in science until they reached university. What type of sampling was he using? A) Snowball B) Theoretical C) Sequential D) Deviant case E) Quota 32) Market researcher Tanya Tanika wants to test whether men like a new flavour of yogurt, which tastes like cigar smoke and beer, more than women do. She has research assistants go to four large grocery stores and distribute samples on each Saturday in April. In addition to distributing yogurt in white cups to anyone, the assistants give 50 samples in blue cups to adult males shopping alone and 50 samples in pink cups to adult females shopping alone. Afterward, the assistants check nearby shelves and in a nearby garbage can to locate the used blue and pink cups. They measure whether more waste (i.e., uneaten yogurt) was left in blue or pink cups. What type of sampling was used in the study? A) Random B) Quota C) Stratified D) Snowball E) Cluster 33) Professor Bobby Birdfeather wants to study how people join a small extremist political organization dedicated to right-wing causes. He first interviews recent recruits and asks who introduced him/her to the organization. He next interviews the named person and asked who introduced him/her to the organization, and so on. What kind of sampling is this? A) Snowball B) Systematic C) Deviant case D) Accidental E) Cluster 34) Which of the following term best describes people who engage in illegal or concealed activities such that very often a researcher must use purposive sampling in order to find them? A) Hidden population B) Target population C) Moving target D) Cluster E) Sociogram 35) _____ combines characteristics of the sample, such as the sample’s size, with the central limit theorem for the purpose of accurately predicting specific ranges around a population parameter. A) A confidence interval B) Deviant case sampling C) A sampling distribution D) The sampling ratio E) Probability proportionate to size (PPS) 36) central limit theorem 37) cluster sampling 38) confidence intervals 39) deviant case sampling 40) haphazard sampling