11) Which of the following is the best definition of emphasized femininity? a. the normative ideal of femininity based on compliance with women’s subordination to men b. a movement that emerged in opposition to feminism c. a feminist movement that contradicts the ideals of femininity d. the over-sexualization of teenaged females 12) Which of the following is not associated with North American notions of emphasized femininity? a. sexual attractiveness b. independence c. supportiveness d. enthusiasm 13) When do gendered expectations by families begin? a. at birth b. when children begin talking c. when children enter school d. puberty 14) Research finds that mothers respond more quickly to the cries of their baby girls than their baby boys. How would a sociologist explain this difference? a. Girls are more needy than boys. b. Mothers love and connect with their daughters more than their sons. c. Mothers’ responses to their children are influenced by ideas of gender—it’s okay for girls to cry, but “big boys don’t cry.” d. Girls’ cries are higher pitched and irritating than boys’ cries so mothers are more likely to respond quickly to end the crying of girls. 15) Which of the following is not an example of what teachers tend to praise girls for? a. successfully completing a task b. being quiet c. presenting an attractive appearance d. being congenial 16) This term was coined within the context of an influential report, compiled in 1982, that documented women’s experiences of inequity and devaluation on Canadian university campuses: a. chilly campus b. chilly climate c. culture of silence d. cult of hegemonic masculinity 17) The phrase “chilly climate” refers to a. women’s experiences of gender inequality in the workplace. b. women’s experiences of gender inequality on university campuses. c. racial inequality on television. d. homophobia. 18) Even shows that are heralded as gender progressive, such as Buffy the Vampire Slayer, are typically led by women characters who are a. white, heterosexual, and conventionally beautiful. b. beautiful, passive, and idealistic. c. rich, white, and male-oriented. d. self-centered, unethical, and cruel. 19) Plastic surgery has become normalized as a way to achieve all of the following except a. a more feminine or masculine appearance. b. more success. c. true happiness. d. social embarrassment. 20) In Canada, women undergo ______ percent of all cosmetic procedures. a. 75 b. 85 c. 95 d. 100