SOLVED

1) __________ is any relatively permanent change in behaviour brought about by experience or practice. a. Adaptation b. Muscle memory c. Memory enhancement d. Learning 2) Learning is said to be a relatively permanent change in behaviour because a. it is thought that learning changes the nerve fibre patterns in your muscles. b. once you learn something, you will never fail to remember it or carry out the correct action. c. it is thought that when learning occurs some part of the brain physically changes. d. memory processes, unlike learning processes, are not permanent. 3) Trevor is trying to study in the library and is distracted by students that are talking at nearby tables. After awhile, he does not notice them and is able to concentrate on his studying. What form of learning has Trevor experienced? a. Sensitization b. Habituation c. Adaptation d. Conditioning 4) _____________ occurs when we respond more strongly over time to a repeated stimulus, and _____________ occurs when we respond less strongly over time to a repeated stimulus. a. Sensitization; habituation b. Habituation; adaptation c. Adaptation; sensitization d. Habituation; sensitization 5) Discovering that habituation occurred in ____________ helped to uncover the biological mechanisms of habituation and the neural basis of learning. a. amoebas b. fetuses c. dogs d. aplysia 6) Three-year-old Sarah learns to associate the smell of popcorn with watching movies. This learning represents a. classical conditioning. b. operational learning. c. operant conditioning. d. observational learning. 7) As an infant, Stephanie received many penicillin injections from the doctor. When she later saw a photographer in a white coat that was similar to the doctor’s coat, she started to cry. This is an example of a. instrumental learning. b. observational learning. c. classical conditioning. d. habituation. 8) One might expect that classical conditioning was discovered by a psychologist. However, it was discovered by a a. physician who was studying the age at which children start to walk. b. physiologist who was studying memory processes in monkeys. c. physiologist who was studying digestion in dogs. d. dog trainer who was trying to come up with the best way to reward animals for their performances in his shows. 9) The researcher responsible for discovering classical conditioning was a. Skinner. b. Thorndike. c. Pavlov. d. Watson. 10) Which of the following statements regarding Pavlov is accurate? a. Pavlov was studying salivation in dogs as part of a research program on digestion. b. Pavlov was elated when his student first noticed that the dogs were salivating before tasting the food. c. Pavlov continued his Nobel Prize–winning research on digestion after documenting conditioning. d. Pavlov stressed the importance of speculating about the dog’s feelings toward the food.