11.__________ refers to a negative attitude toward an entire category of people. a.Scapegoatingc.Prejudice b.Racismd.Stereotype 12.According to the text’s discussion of minority groups: a.members of a minority group are stigmatized in the eyes of the dominant group. b.minority group members are often treated as members of a category. c.most minorities develop a strong sense of in-group solidarity. d.all of the above 13.__________ refers to a broad overgeneralization about a category of people that is applied to all members of the category. a.Scapegoatingc.Prejudice b.Racismd.Stereotype 14.__________ refers to treating individuals unequally and unjustly on the basis of their group memberships. a.Scapegoatingc.Discrimination b.Prejudiced.Racism 15.A homeowner who refuses to hire an interior decorator because she is Asian-American is an illustration of: a.indirect institutional discrimination.c.direct institutional discrimination. b.de jure discrimination.d.individual discrimination. 16.Openly biased practices by an institution are referred to as: a.indirect institutional discrimination.c.direct institutional discrimination. b.de jure discrimination.d.individual discrimination. 17.Policies that appear to be neutral, but in practice discriminate against minority groups, are referred to as: a.indirect institutional discrimination.c.direct institutional discrimination. b.de jure discrimination.d.individual discrimination. 18.You are a member of a minority group and were hired by a company last year because of pressure from a civil rights group. This year the company is being forced to downsize and has determined to do so through the policy of “last hired, first fired.â€Â That means you and several other minority group members will be out of a job, and will experience what is referred to as: a.indirect institutional discrimination.c.direct institutional discrimination. b.de jure discrimination.d.individual discrimination. 19.The ideology that maintains that one race is inherently superior to another is termed: a.scapegoating.c.bigotry. b.racism.d.prejudice. 20.The term __________ describes a person (or category of people) typically with little power, who is unfairly blamed for the troubles of others. a.racistc.bigot b.minorityd.scapegoat