SOLVED

71) Watson’s experiment with Little Albert demonstrated that fears might be a. based on classical conditioning. b. deeply rooted in the innate unconscious of infants. c. based on the principle of observational learning. d. based on Skinner’s analysis of positive reinforcement. 72) The learning of phobias is a very good example of which certain type of classical conditioning? a. Instinctive drift b. Innate learning c. Conditioned taste aversion d. Conditioned emotional response 73) Shelly has developed a fear of bridges due to the recent, graphic news coverage of people falling from a collapsed bridge. Which of the following is the CS? a. Collapsed bridges b. People falling c. Graphic news coverage d. Bridges 74) Whenever five-year-old Claire goes to the dentist she becomes anxious and cries. She was not afraid of the dentist on her first visit, so her fear was a learned behaviour. The UCS in this case was probably a. painful teeth cleaning. b. sweet toothpaste. c. the dentist’s beard. d. small prizes given after the exam. 75) A child’s fear at the sight of a sharp scissors is a. a conditioned stimulus. b. a conditioned response. c. an unconditioned response. d. an unconditioned stimulus. 76) Which of the findings have been supported by research concerning classical conditioning and advertising appeals for well-known products? a. Well-known brands are easier to convert into conditioned stimuli versus novel brands. b. Attempts to use classical conditioning to sell products have been largely unsuccessful. c. It is easier to classically condition novel brands versus well-known brands. d. It is easier to classically condition well-known brands versus novel brands. 77) Paul has a fear of being tickled by feathers (pteronophobia) and seeks advice from his friend Deanna on how to get over his fear. Based on principles of learning, what should Deanna recommend to Paul? a. With repeated feather tickling, he should habituate and not be scared of them any longer. b. Repeatedly pair feather tickling with pleasurable stimuli (i.e., donuts) to ‘uncondition’ the fear. c. Apply other stimuli other than feathers to tickling so that stimulus generalization occurs. d. Suck it up and deal with it, they are feathers and they not scary. 78) One can be conditioned to become sexually aroused at the sight of a triangle if the triangle is presented shortly ________ an appropriate ________. a. before; CS b. after; CS c. after; UCS d. before; UCS 79) Which of the following is true concerning the treatment of phobias using classical conditioning? a. Persons fearful of flying will first need to address their childhood conflicts that are contributing this phobia in order to eliminate this fear of flying. b. Persons fearful of flying will need to associate flying with something pleasurable to reduce this fear. c. Persons fearful of flying will need to avoid flying as a way to reduce this fear. d. Persons fearful of flying will first need to address the unresolved conflicts in their lives that are contributing to this phobia in order to eliminate the fear of flying. 80) A __________________ occurs when cues associated with the ingestion of alcohol or drugs can come to elicit, through classical conditioning, an opposite effect of the alcohol/drug to help balance or counteract the effects of consuming the substance. a. habituation response b. conditioned compensatory response c. aversive conditioning response d. operant response