Fill in the Blank Questions 38.The ________________ is the outermost layer of skin, consisting of dying, waterproof cells. 39.The outermost barrier to penetration by microbial invaders is the ______________. 40.Modern pregnancy tests use ___________ antibodies produced against a pregnancy hormone as the antigen. 41.When macrophages send out chemical messages to the brain to warn of microbial invasion, the brain often responds by producing a _______________. 42.Every cell in the body carries special identification marker proteins called ______________________. Â Â